Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 5, sentence 22
Heaps of rubbish and shapeless ruins lay scattered everywhere; scarcely could the wanderer break his way through the creepers of the common virgin's bower, and the prickles of the buckthorn over the moss-grown walls, to the broken tower.
Who acts: wanderer · What happens: scatter, break, grow · To what, where: Heaps, way, creepers
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wanderer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Heaps | heap | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 scattered | nsubj:pass |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 3 rubbish | case |
| 3 | rubbish | rubbish | NOUN | Number=Sing | 1 Heaps | nmod |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 ruins | cc |
| 5 | shapeless | shapeless | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 6 ruins | amod |
| 6 | ruins | ruin | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 rubbish | conj |
| 7 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 scattered | aux:pass |
| 8 | scattered | scatter | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 9 | everywhere | everywhere | ADV | PronType=Tot | 8 scattered | advmod |
| 10 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 15 break | punct |
| 11 | scarcely | scarcely | ADV | _ | 15 break | advmod |
| 12 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 15 break | aux |
| 13 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 wanderer | det |
| 14 | wanderer | wanderer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 break | nsubj |
| 15 | break | break | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 8 scattered | parataxis |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 way | nmod:poss |
| 17 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 break | obj |
| 18 | through | through | ADP | _ | 20 creepers | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 creepers | det |
| 20 | creepers | creeper | NOUN | Number=Plur | 15 break | obl |
| 21 | of | of | ADP | _ | 26 bower | case |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 virgin | det |
| 23 | common | common | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 virgin | amod |
| 24 | virgin | virgin | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 bower | nmod:poss |
| 25 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 24 virgin | case |
| 26 | bower | bower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 creepers | nmod |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 tower | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 tower | cc |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 prickles | det |
| 30 | prickles | prickle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 tower | nsubj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 buckthorn | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 buckthorn | det |
| 33 | buckthorn | buckthorn | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 prickles | nmod |
| 34 | over | over | ADP | _ | 39 walls | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 walls | det |
| 36 | moss | moss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 grown | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 moss | punct |
| 38 | grown | grow | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 39 walls | amod |
| 39 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 buckthorn | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 tower | punct |
| 41 | to | to | ADP | _ | 44 tower | case |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 44 tower | det |
| 43 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 44 tower | amod |
| 44 | tower | tower | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 scattered | obl |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 scattered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | scatter | past · passive | Heaps of rubbish and shapeless ruins | to the broken tower the prickles of the buckthorn over the grown walls; everywhere property | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 2 | break | could | the wanderer | wanderer's way | the creepers of the common virgin's bower | scarcely property | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer way=Patient | ||
| 3 | grow | participle | moss compound | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | break | participle | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/6/22/