Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 5, sentence 50
But the angry cobold, who in the form of a green bottle-fly dwelt in another cave, had once nearly thrown him headlong from the rocks as he gathered plants, and he only saved himself by making the sign of the cross three times.
Who acts: storm · What happens: dwell, throw, gather, save, make, form · To what, where: green bottle fly, cave, angry cobold, rocks, plants, storm
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 5. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (storm), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 24 thrown | cc |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 cobold | det |
| 3 | angry | angry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 cobold | amod |
| 4 | cobold | cobold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 thrown | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 form | punct |
| 6 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 9 form | nsubj |
| 7 | in | in | ADP | _ | 9 form | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 form | det |
| 9 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 cobold | appos |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 fly | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 fly | det |
| 12 | green | green | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 fly | amod |
| 13 | bottle | bottle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 fly | compound |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 13 bottle | punct |
| 15 | fly | fly | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 form | nmod |
| 16 | dwelt | dwell | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 fly | acl |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 19 cave | case |
| 18 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 19 cave | det |
| 19 | cave | cave | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 dwelt | obl |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 cobold | punct |
| 21 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 thrown | aux |
| 22 | once | once | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Mult | 24 thrown | advmod |
| 23 | nearly | nearly | ADV | _ | 24 thrown | advmod |
| 24 | thrown | throw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 25 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 thrown | obj |
| 26 | headlong | headlong | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 thrown | xcomp |
| 27 | from | from | ADP | _ | 29 rocks | case |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 rocks | det |
| 29 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 thrown | obl |
| 30 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 32 gathered | mark |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 gathered | nsubj |
| 32 | gathered | gather | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 thrown | advcl |
| 33 | plants | plant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 gathered | obj |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 38 saved | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 saved | cc |
| 36 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 38 saved | nsubj |
| 37 | only | only | ADV | _ | 38 saved | advmod |
| 38 | saved | save | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 thrown | conj |
| 39 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 38 saved | obj |
| 40 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 41 making | mark |
| 41 | making | make | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 38 saved | advcl |
| 42 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 43 sign | det |
| 43 | sign | sign | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 making | obj |
| 44 | of | of | ADP | _ | 46 cross | case |
| 45 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 46 cross | det |
| 46 | cross | cross | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 sign | nmod |
| 47 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 48 times | nummod |
| 48 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 41 making | obl:unmarked |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 thrown | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | dwell | participle | a green bottle fly not said here | another cave | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in cave=Location | ||||
| 2 | throw | past · perfect · passive | the angry cobold | the rocks | storm obj; headlong, nearly, once property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | gather | past | storm | plants | vn deduce-97.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent plant=Theme | ||||
| 4 | save | past | storm | storm | vn get-13.5.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Theme | ||||
| 5 | make | gerund | storm not said here | the sign of the cross | time | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset sign=Product | |||
| 6 | form | a green bottle fly | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 7 | sign | the cross | nom sign «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/6/50/