Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 24
He rubbed his eyes, and looked bewildered around him, but it could be no illusion, for there stood the oaks and beeches, every tree of which he knew, there grazed his herd to the music of their jingling bells, the dogs cowering watchfully near, and from the valley could be heard the rattle of the foundry.
Who acts: forest, eye, dogs, foundry · What happens: rub, bewilder, be, stand, know, graze · To what, where: eyes, illusion, oaks, herd, rattle, valley
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (forest, eye, dogs, foundry), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 rubbed | nsubj |
| 2 | rubbed | rub | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 4 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rubbed | obj |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 8 bewildered | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 8 bewildered | cc |
| 7 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 bewildered | aux:pass |
| 8 | bewildered | bewilder | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 rubbed | conj |
| 9 | around | around | ADP | _ | 10 him | case |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 bewildered | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 illusion | punct |
| 12 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 illusion | cc |
| 13 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 illusion | nsubj |
| 14 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 illusion | aux |
| 15 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 17 illusion | cop |
| 16 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 17 illusion | det |
| 17 | illusion | illusion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 bewildered | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 stood | punct |
| 19 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 21 stood | mark |
| 20 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 21 stood | advmod |
| 21 | stood | stand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 bewildered | conj |
| 22 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 23 oaks | det |
| 23 | oaks | oak | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 stood | obj |
| 24 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 beeches | cc |
| 25 | beeches | beech | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 oaks | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 tree | punct |
| 27 | every | every | DET | PronType=Tot | 28 tree | det |
| 28 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 oaks | nmod |
| 29 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 which | case |
| 30 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 32 knew | obl |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 32 knew | nsubj |
| 32 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 tree | acl:relcl |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 grazed | punct |
| 34 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 35 grazed | expl |
| 35 | grazed | graze | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 stood | advcl |
| 36 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 37 herd | nmod:poss |
| 37 | herd | herd | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 grazed | obj |
| 38 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 music | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 music | det |
| 40 | music | music | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 grazed | obl |
| 41 | of | of | ADP | _ | 44 bells | case |
| 42 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 44 bells | nmod:poss |
| 43 | jingling | jingling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 bells | compound |
| 44 | bells | bell | NOUN | Number=Plur | 40 music | nmod |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 47 dogs | punct |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 47 dogs | det |
| 47 | dogs | dog | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 bells | conj |
| 48 | cowering | cower | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 47 dogs | acl |
| 49 | watchfully | watchfully | ADV | _ | 50 near | advmod |
| 50 | near | near | ADV | _ | 48 cowering | advmod |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 heard | punct |
| 52 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 heard | cc |
| 53 | from | from | ADP | _ | 55 valley | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 valley | det |
| 55 | valley | valley | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 heard | obl |
| 56 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 58 heard | aux |
| 57 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 58 heard | aux:pass |
| 58 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 2 rubbed | conj |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 rattle | det |
| 60 | rattle | rattle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 heard | obj |
| 61 | of | of | ADP | _ | 63 foundry | case |
| 62 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 63 foundry | det |
| 63 | foundry | foundry | NOUN | Number=Sing | 60 rattle | nmod |
| 64 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 rubbed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rub | past | forest | forest's eyes | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent eye=Theme | ||||
| 2 | bewilder | past · passive | forest not said here | around forest | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» | ||||
| 3 | is a | could | eye | no illusion | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | stand | past | forest not said here | the oaks every tree and beeches | there | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer oak=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | know | past | forest | of every tree | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of which=Stimulus | ||||
| 6 | graze | past | forest not said here | forest's herd | there | to the music of beeches's jingling bells and the dogs | vn touch-20-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent herd=Experiencer | ||
| 7 | cower | gerund | the dogs not said here | near property | vn body_internal_states-40.6 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 8 | hear | could · passive | forest not said here | the rattle of the foundry | the valley | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: rattle=Topic from valley=Source | |||
| 9 | rattle | the foundry | nom rattle «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/24/