Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 47
He rubbed his eyes in amazement, for he found himself in an unknown spot, in a dark thicket, without road or path; all around him towered mighty rocks that almost shut him in.
Who acts: farmer · What happens: rub, find, tower, shut · To what, where: eyes, amazement, farmer, unknown spot, mighty rocks
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 rubbed | nsubj |
| 2 | rubbed | rub | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 4 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 4 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 rubbed | obj |
| 5 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 amazement | case |
| 6 | amazement | amazement | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 rubbed | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 found | punct |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 10 found | mark |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 found | nsubj |
| 10 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 rubbed | conj |
| 11 | himself | himself | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 10 found | obj |
| 12 | in | in | ADP | _ | 15 spot | case |
| 13 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 15 spot | det |
| 14 | unknown | unknown | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 15 spot | amod |
| 15 | spot | spot | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 found | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 thicket | punct |
| 17 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 thicket | case |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 20 thicket | det |
| 19 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 thicket | amod |
| 20 | thicket | thicket | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 found | parataxis |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 road | punct |
| 22 | without | without | ADP | _ | 23 road | case |
| 23 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 thicket | conj |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 path | cc |
| 25 | path | path | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 road | conj |
| 26 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 30 towered | punct |
| 27 | all | all | ADV | _ | 30 towered | advmod |
| 28 | around | around | ADP | _ | 30 towered | mark |
| 29 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 30 towered | nsubj |
| 30 | towered | tower | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 rubbed | conj |
| 31 | mighty | mighty | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 rocks | amod |
| 32 | rocks | rock | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 towered | obj |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 shut | obj |
| 34 | almost | almost | ADV | _ | 35 shut | advmod |
| 35 | shut | shut | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 32 rocks | acl:relcl |
| 36 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 shut | obj |
| 37 | in | in | ADV | _ | 35 shut | advmod |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 rubbed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | rub | past | farmer | farmer's eyes | amazement | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent eye=Theme in amazement=Destination | |||
| 2 | find | past | farmer | farmer | a unknown spot | a dark thicket and road or path parataxis | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent himself=Topic | ||
| 3 | tower | past | farmer | mighty rocks | all property | vn spatial_configuration-47.6 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location rock=Theme | |||
| 4 | shut | past | mighty rocks | farmer obj; almost property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/47/