Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 48
He heard the roaring of water outside, beneath him a raging din, and before him yawned an awful chasm.
Who acts: farmer, water · What happens: hear, rage, yawn, roar · To what, where: roaring, awful chasm
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (farmer, water), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 roaring | det |
| 4 | roaring | roaring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | obj |
| 5 | of | of | ADP | _ | 6 water | case |
| 6 | water | water | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 roaring | nmod |
| 7 | outside | outside | ADV | _ | 2 heard | advmod |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 him | punct |
| 9 | beneath | beneath | ADP | _ | 10 him | case |
| 10 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 heard | parataxis |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 din | det |
| 12 | raging | rage | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 13 din | amod |
| 13 | din | din | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 heard | obl:unmarked |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 yawned | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 yawned | cc |
| 16 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 18 yawned | mark |
| 17 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 18 yawned | nsubj |
| 18 | yawned | yawn | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 heard | conj |
| 19 | an | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 21 chasm | det |
| 20 | awful | awful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 21 chasm | amod |
| 21 | chasm | chasm | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 yawned | obj |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | farmer | the roaring of water | a raging din obl:unmarked; rode = road parataxis; outside property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer roaring=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | rage | gerund | vn entity_specific_modes_being-47.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||||
| 3 | yawn | past | farmer | a awful chasm | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chasm=Theme | ||||
| 4 | roar | water | nom roaring «event intransitive»: of=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/48/