Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains, Legends and Tales., part 8, sentence 51
The thought occurred to him he might be in the domains of wicked spirits, and a cold shudder ran over him; but he lacked the courage to turn back, fearing some monster might follow him.
Who acts: thought, farmer, cold shudder, monster · What happens: occur, be, run, lack, turn back, fear · To what, where: farmer, domains, courage · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Legends and Tales., part 8. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thought, farmer, cold shudder, monster), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 thought | det |
| 2 | thought | thought | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 occurred | nsubj |
| 3 | occurred | occur | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 him | case |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 occurred | obl |
| 6 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 11 domains | nsubj |
| 7 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 11 domains | aux |
| 8 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 11 domains | cop |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 domains | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 domains | det |
| 11 | domains | domain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 occurred | parataxis |
| 12 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 spirits | case |
| 13 | wicked | wicked | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 spirits | amod |
| 14 | spirits | spirit | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 domains | nmod |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 20 ran | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 20 ran | cc |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 shudder | det |
| 18 | cold | cold | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 shudder | amod |
| 19 | shudder | shudder | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 ran | nsubj |
| 20 | ran | run | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 occurred | conj |
| 21 | over | over | ADP | _ | 22 him | case |
| 22 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 ran | obl |
| 23 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 26 lacked | punct |
| 24 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 26 lacked | cc |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 26 lacked | nsubj |
| 26 | lacked | lack | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 occurred | parataxis |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 courage | det |
| 28 | courage | courage | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 lacked | obj |
| 29 | to | to | PART | _ | 30 turn | mark |
| 30 | turn | turn | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 28 courage | acl |
| 31 | back | back | ADV | _ | 30 turn | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 fearing | punct |
| 33 | fearing | fear | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 26 lacked | advcl |
| 34 | some | some | DET | PronType=Ind | 35 monster | det |
| 35 | monster | monster | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 follow | nsubj |
| 36 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 37 follow | aux |
| 37 | follow | follow | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 fearing | ccomp |
| 38 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 37 follow | obj |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 occurred | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | occur | past | the thought | farmer | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | might | farmer | the domains | of wicked spirits | tree rules | |||
| 3 | run | past | a cold shudder | over farmer | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over he=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | lack | past | farmer | the courage | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | turn back | to-infinitive | farmer not said here | the courage not said here | vn banish-10.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | fear | gerund | farmer not said here | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 7 | follow | might | some monster | farmer | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Legends and tales of the Harz Mountains» by Toofie Lauder, Project Gutenberg book 74323 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg74323/9/51/