English Fairy Tales, Jack Hannaford, sentence 31
He lay down on the ground, and shading his eyes with one hand, looked up into the sky, and pointed heavenwards with the other hand.
Who acts: horse · What happens: lie down, shade, look up · To what, where: ground, eyes
This is a sentence of «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Jack Hannaford. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Parsed by Mova, not checked by a teacher. This tree is Mova's own parse (the en model, on the CPU, when the site is built); it may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 lay | nsubj |
| 2 | lay | lie | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | down | down | ADV | _ | 2 lay | advmod |
| 4 | on | on | ADP | _ | 6 ground | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 ground | det |
| 6 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 lay | obl |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 shading | punct |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 shading | cc |
| 9 | shading | shade | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 2 lay | advcl |
| 10 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 11 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 11 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 shading | obj |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 hand | case |
| 13 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 14 hand | nummod |
| 14 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 shading | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 looked | punct |
| 16 | looked | look | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 lay | conj |
| 17 | up | up | ADP | _ | 16 looked | compound:prt |
| 18 | into | into | ADP | _ | 20 sky | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 sky | det |
| 20 | sky | sky | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 looked | obl |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 heavenwards | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 heavenwards | cc |
| 23 | pointed | pointed | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 24 heavenwards | amod |
| 24 | heavenwards | heavenward | NOUN | Number=Plur | 16 looked | parataxis |
| 25 | with | with | ADP | _ | 28 hand | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 hand | det |
| 27 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 28 hand | amod |
| 28 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 heavenwards | nmod |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 lay | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lie down | past | horse | the ground | down property | vn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent on ground=Location | |||
| 2 | shade | gerund | horse not said here | horse's eyes | with one hand | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Beneficiary | |||
| 3 | look up | past | horse not said here | into the sky | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent into sky=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «English Fairy Tales» by Joseph Jacobs, Project Gutenberg book 7439 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg7439/13/31/