Folk tales from Tibet, Opening, sentence 15
In the first place, I found that many of the best known stories had been imported bodily from India [1] or China, and possess but little of that local colouring which is one of the chief charms of folk-lore.
Who acts: I · What happens: find, know, import, possess, be · To what, where: first place, many, India, little one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Opening. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | In | in | ADP | _ | 4 place | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 place | det |
| 3 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 4 place | amod |
| 4 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 found | obl |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 place | punct |
| 6 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 7 found | nsubj |
| 7 | found | find | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 imported | mark |
| 9 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 imported | nsubj:pass |
| 10 | of | of | ADP | _ | 14 stories | case |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 14 stories | det |
| 12 | best | good | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 14 stories | amod |
| 13 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 stories | amod |
| 14 | stories | story | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 many | nmod |
| 15 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 imported | aux |
| 16 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 imported | aux:pass |
| 17 | imported | import | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 found | ccomp |
| 18 | bodily | bodily | ADV | _ | 17 imported | advmod |
| 19 | from | from | ADP | _ | 20 India | case |
| 20 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 imported | obl |
| 21 | [ | [ | PUNCT | _ | 22 1 | punct |
| 22 | 1 | 1 | NUM | NumForm=Digit NumType=Card | 20 India | flat |
| 23 | ] | ] | PUNCT | _ | 22 1 | punct |
| 24 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 25 China | cc |
| 25 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 20 India | conj |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 possess | punct |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 28 possess | cc |
| 28 | possess | possess | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 found | ccomp |
| 29 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 37 one | cc |
| 30 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 37 one | amod |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 34 colouring | case |
| 32 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 34 colouring | det |
| 33 | local | local | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 34 colouring | amod |
| 34 | colouring | colouring | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 one | obl |
| 35 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 37 one | nsubj |
| 36 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 37 one | cop |
| 37 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 possess | conj |
| 38 | of | of | ADP | _ | 41 charms | case |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 charms | det |
| 40 | chief | chief | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 41 charms | amod |
| 41 | charms | charm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 one | nmod |
| 42 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 lore | case |
| 43 | folk | folk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 lore | compound |
| 44 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 43 folk | punct |
| 45 | lore | lore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 charms | nmod |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 found | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | find | past | I | the first place | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | ||||
| 2 | know | participle | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||||
| 3 | import | past · perfect · passive | many of the best known stories | India or China | bodily property | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP PP.initial_location»: subject=Theme from india=Initial_Location | |||
| 4 | possess | infinitive | vn own-100.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot | ||||||
| 5 | is a | present | little one | of that local colouring; of the chief charms of folk lore; which nsubj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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