🧚 Opening

FOLK TALES FROM TIBET1

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS BY A TIBETAN ARTIST AND SOME VERSES FROM TIBETAN LOVE-SONGS2

COLLECTED AND TRANSLATED BY CAPT.3 W. F.4 O’CONNOR, C.I.E.5 Secretary and Interpreter of the Mission to Lhasa (1904)6

LONDON HURST AND BLACKETT, LTD. 182, HIGH HOLBORN, W.C.7

19068

All rights reserved9

PREFACE.10

In presenting these little stories to the public, it may perhaps be of interest if I describe how I came by them.11

During two years spent in Tibet, at Gyantse, Lhasa, and elsewhere, I have made many friends amongst all classes of Tibetans—high and low, rich and poor—and have conversed with all sorts of persons upon all sorts of topics.12 In the course of my wanderings I learned that there exists amongst this fascinating and little-known people a wealth of folk-lore, hitherto inaccessible to the outside world, and I made efforts to collect as many of their stories as I could.13

For certain special reasons this quest proved more difficult than I had anticipated.14 In the first place, I found that many of the best known stories had been imported bodily from India [1] or China, and possess but little of that local colouring which is one of the chief charms of folk-lore.15 Secondly, some of the very best and most characteristic stories are unfit for publication in such a book as this.16 [2] And, thirdly, human nature being much the same all the world over, it was not always possible to find a suitable raconteur in a suitable mood for story-telling.17 A story told by a nervous or reluctant narrator loses half its charm.18 A good story must be natural, and necessitates sympathy on the part both of teller and of hearer.19 Armed diplomatic missions and an official position, apart from all questions of difference of language and nationality, do not tend to elicit the ideal sentiments necessary for the establishment of complete mutual confidence.20

But patience, and the growth of kindly feelings on both sides, helped me to some extent to overcome the shyness and reluctance of the simple folk who have supplied me with my material; and, as time went on, I was able to coax a story from many unlikely sources.21 Village headmen, monks, servants, local government officials, peasants, traders—these and many others have contributed to my store.22 Shyly and haltingly at starting, with many bashful apologies and disclaimers, the story-teller will begin his tale.23 But a Tibetan audience is one of the best imaginable, and their open sympathy and appreciation soon melt the frosts of reserve, and the words flow freely.24 Presently all sense of constraint is lost, and I have known a story interrupted for ten minutes at a time by the uncontrollable merriment aroused by some comic incident.25

Some of the stories, then, I have been obliged, reluctantly enough, to discard altogether for the present; others require further revision or elucidation.26 But the rest of my little store I give here, and with this one apology: that I have made no attempt to ornament or improve upon them.27 I have written them down just as I heard them, and have translated them, as accurately as I could, from the Tibetan idiom into ours.28 As to their origin or scientific bearing I say nothing, and put forward no theories.29 I leave the Tales to speak for themselves; but would invite, and shall cordially welcome, the criticisms and surmises of all students of folk-lore who are in a position to give an expert opinion upon such points, and to shed a light upon obscure corners into which I have been unable to penetrate.30

I have added to the stories a few verses taken at random from popular Tibetan love-songs, as a sample of the wealth of imagery and genuine poetic sentiment which is to be found amongst the inhabitants of this strange country.31 Owing to the extremely idiomatic form and severe compression of Tibetan metrical compositions, the translation of these songs into anything even distantly resembling poetry, without altogether destroying the characteristics of the original, presents peculiar difficulties; and I must crave indulgence for their crudeness and lack of artistic finish.32

The pictures are the maiden effort at book illustration of a Tibetan artist, resident at Gyantse, and are, I fear, somewhat weak in details, as owing to my absence from Gyantse during the time they were in progress I was unable personally to superintend their execution.33 For the excellent photograph which appears as the frontispiece I am indebted to my friend and companion at Gyantse, Capt.34 R. Steen, of the Indian Medical Service.35

In conclusion, I must express my grateful acknowledgments to Mr. Perceval Landon, to whose suggestion the collection and publication of these Tales, as well as their illustration by a native artist, is in a great measure due; and I must thank him, moreover, for many valuable hints and much kindly sympathy and assistance.36

W. F.37 O’Connor, Capt.38

CONTENTS.39

PAGE I.—How the Hare got his Lip Split 1 II.—The Story of the Tiger and the Man 6 III.—The Story of Good Faith 12 IV.—The Story of the Two Neighbours 20 V.—The Story of the Cat and the Mice 26 VI.—The Story of the Foolish Young Mussulman 30 VII.—The Kyang, the Fox, the Wolf and the Hare 43 VIII.—The Frog and the Crow 48 IX.—The Hare and the Lions 51 X.—The Sheep, the Lamb, the Wolf and the Hare 56 XI.—The Story of how the Hare made a Fool of the Wolf 60 XII.—The Mouse’s Three Children 68 XIII.—The Jackals and the Tiger 76 XIV.—The Story of the Three Thieves 80 XV.—The Story of the Boy with the Deformed Head 92 XVI.—The Prince and the Ogre’s Castle 103 XVII.—The Story of the Stone Lion 116 XVIII.—The Story of the Lama’s Servant 124 XIX.—The Country of the Mice 133 XX.—The Story of the Tortoise and the Monkey 141 XXI.—The Story of Room Bacha and Baki 147 XXII.—The Story of the Home-bred Boy 158 The Story of the Home-bred Boy (continued) 166 The Story of the Home-bred Boy (continued) 172 Some Verses from Tibetan Love-songs 17540