Folk tales from Tibet, The Jackals and the Tiger., sentence 12
Shortly after Father Jackal heard a slight crackling amongst the dry leaves of the forest; and in the dim morning light he discerned the form of a great Tiger approaching his den through the tree-stems.
Who acts: Father, family · What happens: hear, discern, approach, form · To what, where: slight crackling, form, dim morning light, den, tree stems, great Tiger
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Jackals and the Tiger.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Father, family), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shortly | shortly | ADV | _ | 5 heard | advmod |
| 2 | after | after | SCONJ | _ | 5 heard | mark |
| 3 | Father | Father | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 heard | nsubj |
| 4 | Jackal | Jackal | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Father | flat |
| 5 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 8 crackling | det |
| 7 | slight | slight | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 crackling | amod |
| 8 | crackling | crackling | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 heard | obj |
| 9 | amongst | amongst | ADP | _ | 12 leaves | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 leaves | det |
| 11 | dry | dry | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 leaves | amod |
| 12 | leaves | leaf | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 crackling | nmod |
| 13 | of | of | ADP | _ | 15 forest | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 forest | det |
| 15 | forest | forest | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 leaves | nmod |
| 16 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 24 discerned | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 discerned | cc |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 light | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 22 light | det |
| 20 | dim | dim | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 22 light | amod |
| 21 | morning | morning | NOUN | Number=Sing | 22 light | compound |
| 22 | light | light | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 discerned | obl |
| 23 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 24 discerned | nsubj |
| 24 | discerned | discern | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 heard | conj |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 form | det |
| 26 | form | form | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 discerned | obj |
| 27 | of | of | ADP | _ | 30 Tiger | case |
| 28 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 30 Tiger | det |
| 29 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 30 Tiger | amod |
| 30 | Tiger | Tiger | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 form | nmod |
| 31 | approaching | approach | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 24 discerned | advcl |
| 32 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 33 den | nmod:poss |
| 33 | den | den | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 approaching | obj |
| 34 | through | through | ADP | _ | 38 stems | case |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 stems | det |
| 36 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 stems | compound |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 36 tree | punct |
| 38 | stems | stem | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 approaching | obl |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Father | a slight crackling | amongst the dry leaves of the forest; shortly property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer crackling=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | discern | past | family | the form of a great Tiger | the dim morning light | vn see-30.1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer form=Stimulus | |||
| 3 | approach | gerund | family not said here | family's den | the tree stems | vn confront-98 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent den=Theme | |||
| 4 | form | a great Tiger | nom form «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/14/12/