Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Three Thieves., sentence 48
He then gave notice that, on the previous day, the eggs had all been stolen from under the Emperor’s favourite pea-hen, and that any person who could find the eggs or give any information concerning their loss should receive a reward; secondly, that for a breach of etiquette the Prime Minister had been imprisoned, and that unless he could explain his offence before six o’clock that evening he was to be beheaded, and that any person who could offer assistance in the matter would be well paid and otherwise rewarded by the Emperor; thirdly, that owing to bad attendance during the Emperor’s repast the previous day, all the domestic officials of the palace had been imprisoned, and would be beheaded at six o’clock that evening unless they could give a satisfactory explanation; and that any person who could assist in the matter would be well rewarded for his pains.
Who acts: herald, person, information, breach, eggs · What happens: give, steal, find, concern, receive, imprison · To what, where: notice, eggs, loss, reward, Prime Minister, offence
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Three Thieves.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (herald, person, information, breach), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 gave | nsubj |
| 2 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 gave | advmod |
| 3 | gave | give | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | notice | notice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | obj |
| 5 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 17 stolen | obl |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 that | punct |
| 7 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 day | case |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 day | det |
| 9 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 10 day | amod |
| 10 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 stolen | obl |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 day | punct |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 eggs | det |
| 13 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 stolen | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 stolen | aux |
| 15 | all | all | ADV | _ | 17 stolen | advmod |
| 16 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 17 stolen | aux:pass |
| 17 | stolen | steal | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 notice | appos |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 26 hen | case |
| 19 | under | under | ADP | _ | 26 hen | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 Emperor | det |
| 21 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 26 hen | nmod:poss |
| 22 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 21 Emperor | case |
| 23 | favourite | favourite | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 26 hen | amod |
| 24 | pea | pea | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 hen | compound |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 24 pea | punct |
| 26 | hen | hen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 stolen | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 person | punct |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 person | cc |
| 29 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 31 person | mark |
| 30 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 31 person | det |
| 31 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 gave | advcl |
| 32 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 34 find | nsubj |
| 33 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 find | aux |
| 34 | find | find | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 31 person | acl:relcl |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 eggs | det |
| 36 | eggs | egg | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 find | obj |
| 37 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 38 give | cc |
| 38 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 find | conj |
| 39 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 40 information | det |
| 40 | information | information | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 receive | nsubj |
| 41 | concerning | concern | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 40 information | acl |
| 42 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 loss | nmod:poss |
| 43 | loss | loss | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 concerning | obj |
| 44 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 45 receive | aux |
| 45 | receive | receive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 give | ccomp |
| 46 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 47 reward | det |
| 47 | reward | reward | NOUN | Number=Sing | 45 receive | obj |
| 48 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 51 that | punct |
| 49 | secondly | secondly | ADV | _ | 51 that | advmod |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 51 that | punct |
| 51 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 gave | obj |
| 52 | for | for | ADP | _ | 54 breach | case |
| 53 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 54 breach | det |
| 54 | breach | breach | NOUN | Number=Sing | 51 that | nmod |
| 55 | of | of | ADP | _ | 56 etiquette | case |
| 56 | etiquette | etiquette | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 breach | nmod |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 59 Minister | det |
| 58 | Prime | Prime | PROPN | _ | 59 Minister | compound |
| 59 | Minister | Minister | PROPN | Number=Sing | 62 imprisoned | nsubj:pass |
| 60 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 62 imprisoned | aux |
| 61 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 62 imprisoned | aux:pass |
| 62 | imprisoned | imprison | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 54 breach | acl:relcl |
| 63 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 explain | punct |
| 64 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 69 explain | cc |
| 65 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 69 explain | mark |
| 66 | unless | unless | SCONJ | _ | 69 explain | mark |
| 67 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 69 explain | nsubj |
| 68 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 69 explain | aux |
| 69 | explain | explain | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 gave | conj |
| 70 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 71 offence | nmod:poss |
| 71 | offence | offence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 explain | obj |
| 72 | before | before | ADP | _ | 74 o’clock | case |
| 73 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 74 o’clock | nummod |
| 74 | o’clock | o'clock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 69 explain | obl |
| 75 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 76 evening | det |
| 76 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 o’clock | appos |
| 77 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 81 beheaded | nsubj:pass |
| 78 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 81 beheaded | aux:pass |
| 79 | to | to | PART | _ | 81 beheaded | mark |
| 80 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 81 beheaded | aux:pass |
| 81 | beheaded | behead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 76 evening | acl:relcl |
| 82 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 89 offer | punct |
| 83 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 89 offer | cc |
| 84 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 89 offer | mark |
| 85 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 86 person | det |
| 86 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 89 offer | nsubj |
| 87 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 89 offer | nsubj |
| 88 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 89 offer | aux |
| 89 | offer | offer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 69 explain | conj |
| 90 | assistance | assistance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 97 paid | nsubj:pass |
| 91 | in | in | ADP | _ | 93 matter | case |
| 92 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 93 matter | det |
| 93 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 90 assistance | nmod |
| 94 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 97 paid | aux |
| 95 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 97 paid | aux:pass |
| 96 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 97 paid | advmod |
| 97 | paid | pay | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 89 offer | parataxis |
| 98 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 100 rewarded | cc |
| 99 | otherwise | otherwise | ADV | _ | 100 rewarded | advmod |
| 100 | rewarded | reward | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 97 paid | conj |
| 101 | by | by | ADP | _ | 103 Emperor | case |
| 102 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 103 Emperor | det |
| 103 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 100 rewarded | obl:agent |
| 104 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 105 thirdly | punct |
| 105 | thirdly | thirdly | ADV | _ | 3 gave | advmod |
| 106 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 108 owing | punct |
| 107 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 108 owing | mark |
| 108 | owing | owe | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 3 gave | advcl |
| 109 | to | to | ADP | _ | 111 attendance | case |
| 110 | bad | bad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 111 attendance | amod |
| 111 | attendance | attendance | NOUN | Number=Sing | 108 owing | obl |
| 112 | during | during | ADP | _ | 116 repast | case |
| 113 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 114 Emperor | det |
| 114 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 116 repast | nmod:poss |
| 115 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 114 Emperor | case |
| 116 | repast | repast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 108 owing | obl |
| 117 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 119 day | det |
| 118 | previous | previous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 119 day | amod |
| 119 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 108 owing | obl:unmarked |
| 120 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 124 officials | punct |
| 121 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 124 officials | det:predet |
| 122 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 124 officials | det |
| 123 | domestic | domestic | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 124 officials | amod |
| 124 | officials | official | NOUN | Number=Plur | 108 owing | obl |
| 125 | of | of | ADP | _ | 127 palace | case |
| 126 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 127 palace | det |
| 127 | palace | palace | NOUN | Number=Sing | 130 imprisoned | obl |
| 128 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 130 imprisoned | aux |
| 129 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 130 imprisoned | aux:pass |
| 130 | imprisoned | imprison | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 124 officials | acl:relcl |
| 131 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 135 beheaded | punct |
| 132 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 135 beheaded | cc |
| 133 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 135 beheaded | aux |
| 134 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 135 beheaded | aux:pass |
| 135 | beheaded | behead | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 gave | conj |
| 136 | at | at | ADP | _ | 138 o’clock | case |
| 137 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 138 o’clock | nummod |
| 138 | o’clock | o'clock | NOUN | Number=Sing | 135 beheaded | obl |
| 139 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 140 evening | det |
| 140 | evening | evening | NOUN | Number=Sing | 138 o’clock | obl:unmarked |
| 141 | unless | unless | SCONJ | _ | 144 give | mark |
| 142 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 144 give | nsubj |
| 143 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 144 give | aux |
| 144 | give | give | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 135 beheaded | advcl |
| 145 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 147 explanation | det |
| 146 | satisfactory | satisfactory | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 147 explanation | amod |
| 147 | explanation | explanation | NOUN | Number=Sing | 144 give | obj |
| 148 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 162 rewarded | punct |
| 149 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 162 rewarded | cc |
| 150 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 162 rewarded | mark |
| 151 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 152 person | det |
| 152 | person | person | NOUN | Number=Sing | 162 rewarded | nsubj:pass |
| 153 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 155 assist | nsubj |
| 154 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 155 assist | aux |
| 155 | assist | assist | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 152 person | acl:relcl |
| 156 | in | in | ADP | _ | 158 matter | case |
| 157 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 158 matter | det |
| 158 | matter | matter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 155 assist | obl |
| 159 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 162 rewarded | aux |
| 160 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 162 rewarded | aux:pass |
| 161 | well | well | ADV | Degree=Pos | 162 rewarded | advmod |
| 162 | rewarded | reward | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 3 gave | conj |
| 163 | for | for | ADP | _ | 165 pains | case |
| 164 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 165 pains | nmod:poss |
| 165 | pains | pain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 162 rewarded | obl |
| 166 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 gave | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | give | past | herald | notice | then | any person advcl; that obj; thirdly property | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent notice=Recipient that=Theme | ||
| 2 | steal | past · perfect · passive | the eggs | day | from the Emperor's favourite pea hen; that obl; all property | vn steal-10.5-1 «NP V NP PP.source»: subject=Theme from hen=Source | |||
| 3 | find | could | any person | the eggs | vn discover-84 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent egg=Topic | ||||
| 4 | give | infinitive | any person not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | concern | gerund | any information not said here | eggs's loss | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus loss=Experiencer | ||||
| 6 | receive | should | any information | a reward | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent reward=Theme | ||||
| 7 | imprison | past · perfect · passive | a breach of etiquette not said here | the Prime Minister | vn confine-92 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | ||||
| 8 | explain speech: assert a condition, not said to happen | could | herald | herald's offence | before six o’clock | vn transfer_mesg-37.1.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent offence=Topic | |||
| 9 | behead | past · passive | herald not said here | herald | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | ||||
| 10 | offer | could | any person | who nsubj | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP.theme (PP)»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 11 | pay | would · passive | assistance in the matter | well property | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Asset | ||||
| 12 | reward | participle | the Emperor obl:agent; otherwise property | vn equip-13.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 13 | owe | gerund | herald not said here | all domestic officials | during the Emperor's repast; day | to bad attendance goal | vn future_having-13.3 «NP V NP PP.goal»: agent=Agent to attendance=Goal | ||
| 14 | imprison | past · perfect · passive | all domestic officials not said here | of the palace | vn confine-92 «NP V NP» | ||||
| 15 | behead | would · passive | herald not said here | six o’clock that evening | vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP» | ||||
| 16 | give a condition, not said to happen | could | eggs = egg | a satisfactory explanation | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent explanation=Theme | ||||
| 17 | assist | could | any person | the matter | vn help-72.1-1-1 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 18 | reward | would · passive | any person | for herald's pains; well property | vn judgment-33.1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Theme for pain=Attribute | ||||
| 19 | breach | etiquette | nom breach «act transitive»: of=patient | ||||||
| 20 | offend | herald | nom offence «act transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 21 | pain | herald | nom pain «state transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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