Folk tales from Tibet, The Story of the Three Thieves., sentence 63
When the Emperor understood that this was the dinner which had been prepared for him, and which he ought to have eaten, he was greatly astonished; but seeing that it was no fault of his Cooks, Chamberlains, or other servants, he ordered them all to be released, and to resume their former functions.
Who acts: Emperor, this, dinner · What happens: understand, be, prepare, eat, see, order · To what, where: dinner, other servants, fault, servants, former functions · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, The Story of the Three Thieves.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Emperor, this, dinner), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 understood | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Emperor | det |
| 3 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 understood | nsubj |
| 4 | understood | understand | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 astonished | advcl |
| 5 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 9 dinner | mark |
| 6 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 9 dinner | nsubj |
| 7 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 dinner | cop |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 dinner | det |
| 9 | dinner | dinner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 understood | ccomp |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 prepared | nsubj:pass |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 prepared | aux |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 prepared | aux:pass |
| 13 | prepared | prepare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 9 dinner | acl:relcl |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 15 him | case |
| 15 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 13 prepared | obl |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 eaten | punct |
| 17 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 eaten | cc |
| 18 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 eaten | nsubj |
| 19 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 eaten | nsubj |
| 20 | ought | ought | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 eaten | aux |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 23 eaten | mark |
| 22 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 eaten | aux |
| 23 | eaten | eat | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 understood | conj |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 4 understood | punct |
| 25 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 astonished | nsubj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 astonished | cop |
| 27 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 28 astonished | advmod |
| 28 | astonished | astonished | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 29 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 48 ordered | punct |
| 30 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 48 ordered | cc |
| 31 | seeing | see | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 48 ordered | advcl |
| 32 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 36 fault | mark |
| 33 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 36 fault | nsubj |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 fault | cop |
| 35 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 36 fault | det |
| 36 | fault | fault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 seeing | ccomp |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 Cooks | case |
| 38 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 39 Cooks | nmod:poss |
| 39 | Cooks | cook | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 fault | nmod |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 41 Chamberlains | punct |
| 41 | Chamberlains | chamberlain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 39 Cooks | conj |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 45 servants | punct |
| 43 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 45 servants | cc |
| 44 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 servants | amod |
| 45 | servants | servant | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 seeing | obl |
| 46 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 seeing | punct |
| 47 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 ordered | nsubj |
| 48 | ordered | order | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 astonished | parataxis |
| 49 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 48 ordered | obj |
| 50 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 49 them | nmod:unmarked |
| 51 | to | to | PART | _ | 53 released | mark |
| 52 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 53 released | aux:pass |
| 53 | released | release | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 48 ordered | xcomp |
| 54 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 57 resume | punct |
| 55 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 57 resume | cc |
| 56 | to | to | PART | _ | 57 resume | mark |
| 57 | resume | resume | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 48 ordered | conj |
| 58 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 60 functions | nmod:poss |
| 59 | former | former | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 60 functions | amod |
| 60 | functions | function | NOUN | Number=Plur | 57 resume | obj |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 28 astonished | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | understand | past | the Emperor | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 2 | is a | past | this | the dinner | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | prepare | past · perfect · passive | the dinner | for Emperor | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: subject=Product for he=Beneficiary | ||||
| 4 | eat | ought · perfect | which nsubj; Emperor nsubj | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | is | past | Emperor | astonished, greatly property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | see | gerund | Emperor not said here | other servants | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer | ||||
| 7 | is a | past | dinner | no fault | of Emperor's Cooks and Chamberlains | tree rules | |||
| 8 | order | past | Emperor | servants = servant | vn order-58.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent they=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 9 | release not said to happen | to-infinitive · passive | Emperor not said here | vn free-10.6.3-1 «NP V NP S_ING» | |||||
| 10 | resume | to-infinitive | Emperor not said here | servants's former functions | vn begin-55.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent function=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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