Folk tales from Tibet, How the Hare Got His Split Lip., sentence 22
Now it happened that half-way down the gulf a tree was growing from a cleft in the precipice, and as he passed this the Tiger seized one of the boughs with his teeth, and so arrested his fall.
Who acts: it, tree, Tiger · What happens: happen, grow, pass, seize, arrest · To what, where: half way, gulf, cleft, this, one, fall
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, How the Hare Got His Split Lip.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (it, tree, Tiger), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 happened | advmod |
| 2 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 happened | nsubj |
| 3 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | that | that | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 way | det |
| 5 | half | half | NOUN | Number=Sing NumForm=Word NumType=Frac | 7 way | compound |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 5 half | punct |
| 7 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 happened | obj |
| 8 | down | down | ADP | _ | 10 gulf | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 gulf | det |
| 10 | gulf | gulf | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 way | nmod |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 tree | det |
| 12 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 growing | nsubj |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 growing | aux |
| 14 | growing | grow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 gulf | acl:relcl |
| 15 | from | from | ADP | _ | 17 cleft | case |
| 16 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 17 cleft | det |
| 17 | cleft | cleft | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 growing | obl |
| 18 | in | in | ADP | _ | 20 precipice | case |
| 19 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 20 precipice | det |
| 20 | precipice | precipice | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 cleft | nmod |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 passed | punct |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 passed | cc |
| 23 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 25 passed | mark |
| 24 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 passed | nsubj |
| 25 | passed | pass | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 happened | parataxis |
| 26 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 25 passed | obj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 Tiger | det |
| 28 | Tiger | Tiger | PROPN | Number=Sing | 29 seized | nsubj |
| 29 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 passed | conj |
| 30 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 29 seized | obj |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 boughs | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 boughs | det |
| 33 | boughs | bough | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 one | nmod |
| 34 | with | with | ADP | _ | 36 teeth | case |
| 35 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 36 teeth | nmod:poss |
| 36 | teeth | tooth | NOUN | Number=Plur | 33 boughs | nmod |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 arrested | punct |
| 38 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 40 arrested | cc |
| 39 | so | so | ADV | _ | 40 arrested | advmod |
| 40 | arrested | arrest | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 happened | conj |
| 41 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 42 fall | nmod:poss |
| 42 | fall | fall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 arrested | obj |
| 43 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 happened | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | happen | past | it | that half way | now | down the gulf | tree rules | ||
| 2 | grow | past · progressive | a tree | the gulf not said here | a cleft in the precipice | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP.product PP.material»: agent=Agent gulf=Product from cleft=Material | |||
| 3 | pass | past | tree | this | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme this=Trajectory | ||||
| 4 | seize | past | the Tiger | one of the boughs with Tiger's teeth | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | ||||
| 5 | arrest | past | Tiger's fall | vn prosecute-33.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fall=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/2/22/