Folk tales from Tibet, How He Defeated the Enemy., sentence 9
Just before reaching the camp the horse carried him under a dead tree, and the Boy, raising his arms, seized one of the branches with both hands in the hope of checking the horse’s mad career; but the rotten bough broke in his grasp, and the horse continued its gallop right into the camp, with the Boy holding in his hands a huge branch of the tree.
Who acts: horse, hope, rotten bough, Boy · What happens: reach, carry, raise, seize, check, break · To what, where: camp, Boy, dead tree, arms, one, hope
This is a sentence of «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, How He Defeated the Enemy.. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (horse, hope, rotten bough, Boy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Just | just | ADV | _ | 3 reaching | advmod |
| 2 | before | before | SCONJ | _ | 3 reaching | mark |
| 3 | reaching | reach | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 carried | advcl |
| 4 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 5 camp | det |
| 5 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 reaching | obj |
| 6 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 horse | det |
| 7 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 carried | nsubj |
| 8 | carried | carry | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 9 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 8 carried | obj |
| 10 | under | under | ADP | _ | 13 tree | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 13 tree | det |
| 12 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 tree | amod |
| 13 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 carried | obl |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 Boy | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 Boy | cc |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 Boy | det |
| 17 | Boy | Boy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 carried | obl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 raising | punct |
| 19 | raising | raise | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 8 carried | advcl |
| 20 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 21 arms | nmod:poss |
| 21 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 19 raising | obj |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 seized | punct |
| 23 | seized | seize | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 carried | conj |
| 24 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 23 seized | obj |
| 25 | of | of | ADP | _ | 27 branches | case |
| 26 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 branches | det |
| 27 | branches | branch | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 one | nmod |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 30 hands | case |
| 29 | both | both | DET | PronType=Tot | 30 hands | det |
| 30 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 seized | obl |
| 31 | in | in | ADP | _ | 33 hope | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 hope | det |
| 33 | hope | hope | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 seized | obl |
| 34 | of | of | SCONJ | _ | 35 checking | mark |
| 35 | checking | check | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 33 hope | acl |
| 36 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 horse | det |
| 37 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 career | nmod:poss |
| 38 | ’s | 's | PART | _ | 37 horse | case |
| 39 | mad | mad | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 career | amod |
| 40 | career | career | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 checking | obj |
| 41 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 46 broke | punct |
| 42 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 46 broke | cc |
| 43 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 bough | det |
| 44 | rotten | rotten | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 45 bough | amod |
| 45 | bough | bough | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 broke | nsubj |
| 46 | broke | break | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 carried | conj |
| 47 | in | in | ADP | _ | 49 grasp | case |
| 48 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 49 grasp | nmod:poss |
| 49 | grasp | grasp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 46 broke | obl |
| 50 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 54 continued | punct |
| 51 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 54 continued | cc |
| 52 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 53 horse | det |
| 53 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 continued | nsubj |
| 54 | continued | continue | VERB | Mood=Ind Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 carried | parataxis |
| 55 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 56 gallop | nmod:poss |
| 56 | gallop | gallop | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 continued | obj |
| 57 | right | right | ADV | _ | 60 camp | advmod |
| 58 | into | into | ADP | _ | 60 camp | case |
| 59 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 60 camp | det |
| 60 | camp | camp | NOUN | Number=Sing | 54 continued | obl |
| 61 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 65 holding | punct |
| 62 | with | with | SCONJ | _ | 65 holding | mark |
| 63 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 64 Boy | det |
| 64 | Boy | Boy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 65 holding | nsubj |
| 65 | holding | hold | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 54 continued | advcl |
| 66 | in | in | ADP | _ | 68 hands | case |
| 67 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 68 hands | nmod:poss |
| 68 | hands | hand | NOUN | Number=Plur | 65 holding | obl |
| 69 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 71 branch | det |
| 70 | huge | huge | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 71 branch | amod |
| 71 | branch | branch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 65 holding | obj |
| 72 | of | of | ADP | _ | 74 tree | case |
| 73 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 74 tree | det |
| 74 | tree | tree | NOUN | Number=Sing | 71 branch | nmod |
| 75 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 8 carried | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | reach | gerund | the horse not said here | the camp | vn body_motion-49.2-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Agent camp=Theme | ||||
| 2 | carry | past | the horse | Boy | a dead tree | the Boy obl | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||
| 3 | raise | gerund | the horse not said here | Boy's arms | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent arm=Theme | ||||
| 4 | seize | past | the horse not said here | one of the branches | the hope | with both hands | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Theme | ||
| 5 | check | gerund | the hope not said here | the horse's mad career | vn assessment-34.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent career=Theme | ||||
| 6 | break | past | the rotten bough | Boy's grasp | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme in grasp=Location | ||||
| 7 | continue | past | the horse | horse's gallop | the camp | tree rules | |||
| 8 | hold | gerund | the Boy | a huge branch of the tree | Boy's hands | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent branch=Theme in hand=Location | |||
| 9 | grasp | Boy | nom grasp «cognition transitive»: poss=agent | ||||||
| 10 | gallop | horse | nom gallop «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Folk tales from Tibet» by William Frederick Travers, Sir O'Connor, Project Gutenberg book 75000 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75000/25/9/