Gleanings from Chinese folklore, Literary Glory, sentence 38
One year we lost all our crops and in the winter had to send to the market town, six miles away, for the famine relief grain.
Who acts: we · What happens: lose, have, send · To what, where: crops, market town
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Literary Glory. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 year | nummod |
| 2 | year | year | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lost | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 lost | nsubj |
| 4 | lost | lose | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 7 crops | det:predet |
| 6 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 crops | nmod:poss |
| 7 | crops | crop | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 lost | obj |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 had | cc |
| 9 | in | in | ADP | _ | 11 winter | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 winter | det |
| 11 | winter | winter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 had | obl |
| 12 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 lost | conj |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 send | mark |
| 14 | send | send | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 had | xcomp |
| 15 | to | to | ADP | _ | 18 town | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 town | det |
| 17 | market | market | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 town | compound |
| 18 | town | town | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 send | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 miles | punct |
| 20 | six | six | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 21 miles | nummod |
| 21 | miles | mile | NOUN | Number=Plur | 18 town | conj |
| 22 | away | away | ADV | _ | 14 send | advmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 grain | punct |
| 24 | for | for | ADP | _ | 28 grain | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 grain | det |
| 26 | famine | famine | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 relief | compound |
| 27 | relief | relief | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 grain | compound |
| 28 | grain | grain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 send | obl |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 lost | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lose | past | we | our crops | year | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent crop=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | have | past | we not said here | winter | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | send | to-infinitive | we not said here | the market town and six miles | for the relief grain; away property | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to town=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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