Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Daughter of the Present, sentence 11
After much searching in the fields and at the near villages, they decided that he must have been taken captive and carried to the robbers’ stronghold in the mountains.
Who acts: villages · What happens: decide, take, carry · To what, where: Lee, stronghold · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Daughter of the Present. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (villages), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 3 searching | case |
| 2 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 3 searching | amod |
| 3 | searching | searching | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 decided | obl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 fields | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 fields | det |
| 6 | fields | field | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 searching | nmod |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 villages | cc |
| 8 | at | at | ADP | _ | 11 villages | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 11 villages | det |
| 10 | near | near | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 11 villages | amod |
| 11 | villages | village | NOUN | Number=Plur | 6 fields | conj |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 searching | punct |
| 13 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 decided | nsubj |
| 14 | decided | decide | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 15 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 20 taken | mark |
| 16 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 20 taken | nsubj |
| 17 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 20 taken | aux |
| 18 | have | have | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 20 taken | aux |
| 19 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 20 taken | aux:pass |
| 20 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 14 decided | ccomp |
| 21 | captive | captive | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 20 taken | xcomp |
| 22 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 23 carried | cc |
| 23 | carried | carry | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 20 taken | conj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 28 stronghold | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 robbers | det |
| 26 | robbers | robber | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 stronghold | nmod:poss |
| 27 | ’ | 's | PART | _ | 26 robbers | case |
| 28 | stronghold | stronghold | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 carried | obl |
| 29 | in | in | ADP | _ | 31 mountains | case |
| 30 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 31 mountains | det |
| 31 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 stronghold | nmod |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 14 decided | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | decide | past | villages = village | after much searching in the fields and the near villages | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | take | must · perfect · passive | Lee | captive property | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: subject=Destination | ||||
| 3 | carry | participle | the robbers's stronghold in the mountains | vn carry-11.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent to stronghold=Destination |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/15/11/