Gleanings from Chinese folklore, T’ang Sung’s Journey to Get the Buddhist Classics, sentence 19
On the road to India they had to pass seventy-two caves, where demons lived, who were ever on the watch for travellers.
Who acts: arrangements, demons · What happens: have, pass, live, be · To what, where: road, seventy caves, watch
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, T’ang Sung’s Journey to Get the Buddhist Classics. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (arrangements, demons), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 3 road | case |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 road | det |
| 3 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 had | obl |
| 4 | to | to | ADP | _ | 5 India | case |
| 5 | India | India | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 road | nmod |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 had | nsubj |
| 7 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | to | to | PART | _ | 9 pass | mark |
| 9 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 had | xcomp |
| 10 | seventy | seventy | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 caves | nummod |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 12 two | punct |
| 12 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 10 seventy | conj |
| 13 | caves | cave | NOUN | Number=Plur | 9 pass | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 lived | punct |
| 15 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 17 lived | advmod |
| 16 | demons | demon | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 lived | nsubj |
| 17 | lived | live | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 pass | advcl |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 watch | punct |
| 19 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 24 watch | nsubj |
| 20 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 24 watch | cop |
| 21 | ever | ever | ADV | PronType=Ind | 24 watch | advmod |
| 22 | on | on | ADP | _ | 24 watch | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 watch | det |
| 24 | watch | watch | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 pass | obl |
| 25 | for | for | ADP | _ | 26 travellers | case |
| 26 | travellers | traveller | NOUN | Number=Plur | 24 watch | nmod |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | arrangements = arrangement | the road to India | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | pass | to-infinitive | arrangements = arrangement not said here | seventy caves | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme cave=Trajectory | ||||
| 3 | live | past | demons | vn exist-47.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 4 | is | past | the watch | ever | for travellers; who nsubj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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