Gleanings from Chinese folklore, T’ang Sung’s Journey to Get the Buddhist Classics, sentence 20
One day they travelled till night; all day they had been without food, and as darkness came on and no village was in sight the monkey said, “I will jump and see where a village is.”
Who acts: demons, day, monkey, village · What happens: travel, be, come on, say, jump, see · To what, where: sight · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, T’ang Sung’s Journey to Get the Buddhist Classics. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (demons, day, monkey, village), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | One | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 2 day | nummod |
| 2 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 travelled | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 travelled | nsubj |
| 4 | travelled | travel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | till | till | ADP | _ | 6 night | case |
| 6 | night | night | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 travelled | obl |
| 7 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 14 food | punct |
| 8 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 9 day | det |
| 9 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 food | nsubj |
| 10 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 14 food | nsubj |
| 11 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 food | aux |
| 12 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 14 food | cop |
| 13 | without | without | ADP | _ | 14 food | case |
| 14 | food | food | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 travelled | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 came | punct |
| 16 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 came | cc |
| 17 | as | as | ADP | _ | 18 darkness | case |
| 18 | darkness | darkness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 came | obl |
| 19 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 29 said | advcl |
| 20 | on | on | ADV | _ | 19 came | advmod |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 sight | cc |
| 22 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 23 village | det |
| 23 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 sight | nsubj |
| 24 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 26 sight | cop |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 26 sight | case |
| 26 | sight | sight | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 came | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 monkey | det |
| 28 | monkey | monkey | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 said | nsubj |
| 29 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 travelled | parataxis |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 jump | punct |
| 31 | “ | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 jump | punct |
| 32 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 jump | nsubj |
| 33 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 34 jump | aux |
| 34 | jump | jump | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 29 said | ccomp |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 see | cc |
| 36 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 34 jump | conj |
| 37 | where | where | ADV | PronType=Rel | 40 is | advmod |
| 38 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 39 village | det |
| 39 | village | village | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 is | nsubj |
| 40 | is | be | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 36 see | ccomp |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 34 jump | punct |
| 42 | ” | " | PUNCT | _ | 34 jump | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | travel | past | demons = demon | day; night | vn run-51.3.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 2 | is | past · perfect | all day | without food; demons = demon nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | come on | past | the monkey not said here | as darkness | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 4 | is | past | no village | sight | tree rules | ||||
| 5 | say speech: assert | past | the monkey | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 6 | jump in a quote | future | the monkey = monkey | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 7 | see in a quote | infinitive | the monkey = monkey not said here | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 8 | be in a quote | present | a village | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/16/20/