Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 2, sentence 1
With this and many tears they embraced each other, then with much weeping she knelt before him, and touching her head to the ground three times, she said her good-bye.
Who acts: many tears, she · What happens: embrace, kneel, touch, say · To what, where: each, much weeping, head, good bye · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 2. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (many tears, she), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | With | with | ADP | _ | 2 this | case |
| 2 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 7 embraced | obl |
| 3 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 embraced | cc |
| 4 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 tears | amod |
| 5 | tears | tear | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 embraced | nsubj |
| 6 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 7 embraced | nsubj |
| 7 | embraced | embrace | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 8 | each | each | DET | ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp | 7 embraced | obj |
| 9 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 each | fixed |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 14 weeping | punct |
| 11 | then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 14 weeping | advmod |
| 12 | with | with | ADP | _ | 14 weeping | case |
| 13 | much | much | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 14 weeping | amod |
| 14 | weeping | weeping | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 embraced | obl |
| 15 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 knelt | nsubj |
| 16 | knelt | kneel | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 weeping | acl:relcl |
| 17 | before | before | ADP | _ | 18 him | case |
| 18 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 knelt | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 touching | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 touching | cc |
| 21 | touching | touch | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 embraced | advcl |
| 22 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 23 head | nmod:poss |
| 23 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 touching | obj |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 ground | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 ground | det |
| 26 | ground | ground | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 touching | obl |
| 27 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 28 times | nummod |
| 28 | times | time | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 touching | obl:unmarked |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 said | punct |
| 30 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 said | nsubj |
| 31 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 embraced | conj |
| 32 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 bye | nmod:poss |
| 33 | good | good | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 bye | amod |
| 34 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 33 good | punct |
| 35 | bye | bye | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 said | obj |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 embraced | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | embrace | past | many tears | each | with this; with much weeping; tears = tear nsubj | vn marry-36.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent each=Co-Agent | |||
| 2 | kneel | past | she | much weeping not said here | before him = he | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent weeping=Topic | |||
| 3 | touch | gerund | many tears not said here | her head | time | to the ground | vn contiguous_location-47.8-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme head=Co-Theme | ||
| 4 | say speech: assert | past | she | her good bye | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent bye=Topic |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/18/1/