Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 4, sentence 113
During these days in the city, Ting Lang had not dared to seek out his mother, as he wanted first to expose their enemy; he came to the city under the name of Hu, and while Lady Yü had heard of the very wonderful young man, she did not dare to even hope that it might be her son; she asked no questions and no one mentioned the downfall of Yen Sung.
Who acts: Ting, Lady, city, one · What happens: not dare, not seek out, want, expose, come, hear · To what, where: Ting, mother, enemy, city, son, questions · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Ting, Lady, city, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | During | during | ADP | _ | 3 days | case |
| 2 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 3 days | det |
| 3 | days | day | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 dared | obl |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 6 city | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 city | det |
| 6 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 days | nmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 3 days | punct |
| 8 | Ting | Ting | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 dared | nsubj:pass |
| 9 | Lang | Lang | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Ting | flat |
| 10 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 dared | aux |
| 11 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 dared | advmod |
| 12 | dared | dare | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 seek | mark |
| 14 | seek | seek | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 dared | xcomp |
| 15 | out | out | ADP | _ | 14 seek | compound:prt |
| 16 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 17 mother | nmod:poss |
| 17 | mother | mother | NOUN | Number=Sing | 14 seek | obj |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 wanted | punct |
| 19 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 21 wanted | mark |
| 20 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 wanted | nsubj |
| 21 | wanted | want | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 14 seek | advcl |
| 22 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 21 wanted | advmod |
| 23 | to | to | PART | _ | 24 expose | mark |
| 24 | expose | expose | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 21 wanted | xcomp |
| 25 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 26 enemy | nmod:poss |
| 26 | enemy | enemy | NOUN | Number=Sing | 24 expose | obj |
| 27 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 29 came | punct |
| 28 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 29 came | nsubj |
| 29 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 dared | conj |
| 30 | to | to | ADP | _ | 32 city | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 32 city | det |
| 32 | city | city | NOUN | Number=Sing | 29 came | obl |
| 33 | under | under | ADP | _ | 35 name | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 name | det |
| 35 | name | name | NOUN | Number=Sing | 32 city | nmod |
| 36 | of | of | ADP | _ | 37 Hu | case |
| 37 | Hu | Hu | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 name | nmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 heard | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 heard | cc |
| 40 | while | while | SCONJ | _ | 44 heard | mark |
| 41 | Lady | Lady | PROPN | Number=Sing | 44 heard | nsubj |
| 42 | Yü | Yü | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Lady | flat |
| 43 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 heard | aux |
| 44 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 dared | conj |
| 45 | of | of | ADP | _ | 50 man | case |
| 46 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 50 man | det |
| 47 | very | very | ADV | _ | 48 wonderful | advmod |
| 48 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 man | amod |
| 49 | young | young | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 man | amod |
| 50 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 heard | obl |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 55 dare | punct |
| 52 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 55 dare | nsubj |
| 53 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 55 dare | aux |
| 54 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 55 dare | advmod |
| 55 | dare | dare | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 44 heard | parataxis |
| 56 | to | to | PART | _ | 58 hope | mark |
| 57 | even | even | ADV | _ | 58 hope | advmod |
| 58 | hope | hope | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 55 dare | xcomp |
| 59 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 64 son | mark |
| 60 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 64 son | nsubj |
| 61 | might | might | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 64 son | aux |
| 62 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 64 son | cop |
| 63 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 64 son | nmod:poss |
| 64 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 hope | ccomp |
| 65 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 67 asked | punct |
| 66 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 67 asked | nsubj |
| 67 | asked | ask | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 dared | parataxis |
| 68 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 69 questions | det |
| 69 | questions | question | NOUN | Number=Plur | 67 asked | obj |
| 70 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 73 mentioned | cc |
| 71 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 72 one | det |
| 72 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 mentioned | nsubj |
| 73 | mentioned | mention | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 67 asked | conj |
| 74 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 75 downfall | det |
| 75 | downfall | downfall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 73 mentioned | obj |
| 76 | of | of | ADP | _ | 78 Sung | case |
| 77 | Yen | Yen | PROPN | Number=Sing | 78 Sung | compound |
| 78 | Sung | Sung | PROPN | Number=Sing | 75 downfall | nmod |
| 79 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 dared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not dare | past · perfect · passive | Ting | day | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: subject=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | not seek out | to-infinitive | Ting's mother | vn hunt-35.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mother=Theme | |||||
| 3 | want | past | Ting | first property | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP S_INF»: agent=Pivot clause=Theme | ||||
| 4 | expose not said to happen | to-infinitive | Ting not said here | luxuries's enemy | vn indicate-78 «NP V NP»: agent=Pivot enemy=Topic | ||||
| 5 | come | past | Ting | the city under the name of Hu | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to city=Initial_Location | ||||
| 6 | hear | past · perfect | Lady | of the wonderful young man | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V PP.stimulus»: agent=Experiencer of man=Stimulus | ||||
| 7 | not dare | past · do-support | Lady | vn urge-58.1-1 «NP V NP S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 8 | not hope | to-infinitive | Lady not said here | vn long-32.2 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Pivot | |||||
| 9 | is a | might | city | Lady's son | Lady nmod:poss | tree rules | |||
| 10 | ask speech: ask | past | Lady | no questions | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent question=Recipient | ||||
| 11 | mention speech: other | past | no one | the downfall of Yen Sung | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: agent=Agent downfall=Topic | ||||
| 12 | name | Hu | nom name «communication transitive»: of=patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/20/113/