Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Story of Old China, part 4, sentence 76
The Emperor had heard the commotion outside and had asked who and what it was.
Who acts: Emperor · What happens: hear, ask · To what, where: commotion
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Story of Old China, part 4. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Emperor), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Emperor | det |
| 2 | Emperor | Emperor | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 heard | aux |
| 4 | heard | hear | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 6 commotion | det |
| 6 | commotion | commotion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 heard | obj |
| 7 | outside | outside | ADV | _ | 4 heard | advmod |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 asked | cc |
| 9 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 asked | aux |
| 10 | asked | ask | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 4 heard | conj |
| 11 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 13 what | nsubj |
| 12 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 13 what | cc |
| 13 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 10 asked | obl |
| 14 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 15 was | nsubj |
| 15 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 13 what | acl:relcl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past · perfect | the Emperor | the commotion | outside property | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer commotion=Stimulus | |||
| 2 | ask speech: ask | past · perfect | the Emperor not said here | what obl | vn inquire-37.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/20/76/