Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Tartar Joan of Arc, sentence 16
Many were the battles fought by the heads of the other tribes, but she easily held her mountain.
Who acts: Many battles · What happens: be, fight, hold · To what, where: Many battles, mountain
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Tartar Joan of Arc. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Many battles), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 battles | amod |
| 2 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 battles | cop |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 battles | det |
| 4 | battles | battle | NOUN | Number=Plur | 17 held | nsubj |
| 5 | fought | fight | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 battles | acl |
| 6 | by | by | ADP | _ | 8 heads | case |
| 7 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 8 heads | det |
| 8 | heads | head | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 fought | obl |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 12 tribes | case |
| 10 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 tribes | det |
| 11 | other | other | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 12 tribes | amod |
| 12 | tribes | tribe | NOUN | Number=Plur | 8 heads | nmod |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 held | punct |
| 14 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 17 held | cc |
| 15 | she | she | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 held | nsubj |
| 16 | easily | easily | ADV | _ | 17 held | advmod |
| 17 | held | hold | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 18 | her | her | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Fem Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 19 mountain | nmod:poss |
| 19 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 held | obj |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 17 held | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is a | past | the Many battles | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | fight | participle | the Many battles not said here | by the heads of the other tribes | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 3 | hold | past | the Many battles | Ting's mountain | Ting nsubj; easily property | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mountain=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/6/16/