Gleanings from Chinese folklore, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow, sentence 3
He built a beautiful pavilion in his garden, which was rich in flowers, trees, shrubs, and ponds, so that the birds loved to gather there; thus he was able to spend many delightful hours in their company listening to their wise and unwise talk.
Who acts: sage, garden, birds · What happens: build, be, love, gather, spend, listen · To what, where: beautiful pavilion, garden, flowers, company
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (sage, garden, birds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | He | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 2 built | nsubj |
| 2 | built | build | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 5 pavilion | det |
| 4 | beautiful | beautiful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 pavilion | amod |
| 5 | pavilion | pavilion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 2 built | obj |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 garden | case |
| 7 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 8 garden | nmod:poss |
| 8 | garden | garden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 pavilion | nmod |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 rich | punct |
| 10 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 12 rich | nsubj |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 rich | cop |
| 12 | rich | rich | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 8 garden | amod |
| 13 | in | in | ADP | _ | 14 flowers | case |
| 14 | flowers | flower | NOUN | Number=Plur | 12 rich | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 trees | punct |
| 16 | trees | tree | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 flowers | conj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 shrubs | punct |
| 18 | shrubs | shrub | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 flowers | conj |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 21 ponds | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 ponds | cc |
| 21 | ponds | pond | NOUN | Number=Plur | 2 built | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 27 loved | punct |
| 23 | so | so | SCONJ | _ | 27 loved | mark |
| 24 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 27 loved | mark |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 birds | det |
| 26 | birds | bird | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 loved | nsubj |
| 27 | loved | love | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 built | conj |
| 28 | to | to | PART | _ | 29 gather | mark |
| 29 | gather | gather | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 27 loved | xcomp |
| 30 | there | there | ADV | PronType=Dem | 29 gather | advmod |
| 31 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 35 able | punct |
| 32 | thus | thus | ADV | _ | 35 able | advmod |
| 33 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 able | nsubj |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 able | cop |
| 35 | able | able | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 2 built | parataxis |
| 36 | to | to | PART | _ | 37 spend | mark |
| 37 | spend | spend | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 35 able | xcomp |
| 38 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 hours | amod |
| 39 | delightful | delightful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 40 hours | amod |
| 40 | hours | hour | NOUN | Number=Plur | 37 spend | obj |
| 41 | in | in | ADP | _ | 43 company | case |
| 42 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 43 company | nmod:poss |
| 43 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 37 spend | obl |
| 44 | listening | listen | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 37 spend | advcl |
| 45 | to | to | ADP | _ | 50 talk | case |
| 46 | their | their | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 50 talk | nmod:poss |
| 47 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 talk | amod |
| 48 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 49 unwise | cc |
| 49 | unwise | unwise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 47 wise | conj |
| 50 | talk | talk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 listening | obl |
| 51 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 built | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | build | past | sage | a beautiful pavilion | sage's garden | ponds obl | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent pavilion=Product | ||
| 2 | is | past | sage's garden | flowers and trees and shrubs | rich property | tree rules | |||
| 3 | love | past | the birds | vn admire-31.2-1 «NP V S_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 4 | gather not said to happen | to-infinitive | the birds not said here | there | vn herd-47.5.2 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | is | past | sage | able, thus property | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | spend | to-infinitive | sage not said here | birds's company | hour | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||
| 7 | listen | gerund | sage not said here | to birds's wise talk | vn peer-30.3 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent to talk=Theme | ||||
| 8 | talk | birds = bird | nom talk «communication intransitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/8/3/