Gleanings from Chinese folklore, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow, sentence 4
Many of these conversations have been handed down the past two thousand years in the wonderful folklore of China, and from these one can see the influence they have had on the customs and traditions of the people.
Who acts: conversations · What happens: hand down, see, have · To what, where: Many conversations, wonderful folklore, influence, customs
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, The Wild Goose and the Sparrow. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (conversations), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 conversations | amod |
| 2 | of | of | ADP | _ | 4 conversations | case |
| 3 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 4 conversations | det |
| 4 | conversations | conversation | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 handed | nsubj:pass |
| 5 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 7 handed | aux |
| 6 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 handed | aux:pass |
| 7 | handed | hand | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 8 | down | down | ADP | _ | 7 handed | compound:prt |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 years | det |
| 10 | past | past | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 13 years | amod |
| 11 | two | two | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 thousand | compound |
| 12 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 13 years | nummod |
| 13 | years | year | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 handed | obl:unmarked |
| 14 | in | in | ADP | _ | 17 folklore | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 folklore | det |
| 16 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 17 folklore | amod |
| 17 | folklore | folklore | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 handed | obl |
| 18 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 China | case |
| 19 | China | China | PROPN | Number=Sing | 17 folklore | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 see | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 26 see | cc |
| 22 | from | from | ADP | _ | 24 one | case |
| 23 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 24 one | det |
| 24 | one | one | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 see | obl |
| 25 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 26 see | aux |
| 26 | see | see | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 7 handed | conj |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 influence | det |
| 28 | influence | influence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 see | obj |
| 29 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 31 had | nsubj |
| 30 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 31 had | aux |
| 31 | had | have | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 28 influence | acl:relcl |
| 32 | on | on | ADP | _ | 34 customs | case |
| 33 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 34 customs | det |
| 34 | customs | custom | NOUN | Number=Plur | 31 had | obl |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 traditions | cc |
| 36 | traditions | tradition | NOUN | Number=Plur | 34 customs | conj |
| 37 | of | of | ADP | _ | 39 people | case |
| 38 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 39 people | det |
| 39 | people | people | NOUN | Number=Plur | 36 traditions | nmod |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 handed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hand down | present · perfect · passive | this Many conversations | the wonderful folklore of China | year | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | |||
| 2 | see | can | the influence | from this one | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer influence=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | have | present · perfect | conversations = conversation | the influence not said here | the customs and traditions of the people | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent influence=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/8/4/