Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 3

How little is known of the fierce, stupendous struggles in the long ago, when China was not one country but was composed of many small kingdoms whose people were constantly fighting with each other for supremacy.

Who acts: China, people · What happens: know, not be, compose, fight · To what, where: little, one country

This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (China, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	How	how	ADV	PronType=Int	2 little	advmod
2	little	little	ADJ	Degree=Pos	4 known	nsubj:pass
3	is	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 known	aux:pass
4	known	know	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	root	root
5	of	of	ADP	_	10 struggles	case
6	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	10 struggles	det
7	fierce	fierce	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 struggles	amod
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	7 fierce	punct
9	stupendous	stupendous	ADJ	Degree=Pos	10 struggles	amod
10	struggles	struggle	NOUN	Number=Plur	4 known	obl
11	in	in	ADP	_	14 ago	case
12	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 ago	det
13	long	long	ADV	Degree=Pos	14 ago	advmod
14	ago	ago	ADV	_	10 struggles	nmod
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	21 country	punct
16	when	when	ADV	PronType=Int	21 country	advmod
17	China	China	PROPN	Number=Sing	21 country	nsubj
18	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	21 country	cop
19	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	21 country	advmod
20	one	one	NUM	NumForm=Word NumType=Card	21 country	nummod
21	country	country	NOUN	Number=Sing	10 struggles	conj
22	but	but	CCONJ	_	24 composed	cc
23	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	24 composed	aux:pass
24	composed	compose	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass	4 known	conj
25	of	of	ADP	_	28 kingdoms	case
26	many	many	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 kingdoms	amod
27	small	small	ADJ	Degree=Pos	28 kingdoms	amod
28	kingdoms	kingdom	NOUN	Number=Plur	24 composed	obl
29	whose	whose	PRON	Poss=Yes PronType=Rel	30 people	nmod:poss
30	people	people	NOUN	Number=Plur	33 fighting	nsubj
31	were	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	33 fighting	aux
32	constantly	constantly	ADV	_	33 fighting	advmod
33	fighting	fight	VERB	Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part	28 kingdoms	acl:relcl
34	with	with	ADP	_	35 each	case
35	each	each	DET	ExtPos=PRON PronType=Rcp	33 fighting	obl
36	other	other	ADJ	Degree=Pos	35 each	fixed
37	for	for	ADP	_	38 supremacy	case
38	supremacy	supremacy	NOUN	Number=Sing	33 fighting	obl
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 known	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	other	roles by
1	know	present · passive		little	of the fierce stupendous struggles and one country	vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus
2	not is a	past	China	one country		tree rules
3	compose	past · passive			of many small kingdoms	vn create-26.4-1 «NP V»
4	fight	past · progressive	people		with each; for supremacy; constantly property	vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with each=Co-Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/3/

🌲 Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 3

The tree

Pragmatics

Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 3