Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 45
By this time Han Hsin had crossed the mountains and was walking on the plain.
Who acts: Han · What happens: cross, walk · To what, where: mountains, plain
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | By | by | ADP | _ | 3 time | case |
| 2 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 3 time | det |
| 3 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 crossed | obl |
| 4 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 crossed | nsubj |
| 5 | Hsin | Hsin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 Han | flat |
| 6 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 crossed | aux |
| 7 | crossed | cross | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 mountains | det |
| 9 | mountains | mountain | NOUN | Number=Plur | 7 crossed | obj |
| 10 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 12 walking | cc |
| 11 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 12 walking | aux |
| 12 | walking | walk | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 7 crossed | conj |
| 13 | on | on | ADP | _ | 15 plain | case |
| 14 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 15 plain | det |
| 15 | plain | plain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 walking | obl |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 crossed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | cross | past · perfect | Han | the mountains | time | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent mountain=Patient | |||
| 2 | walk | past · progressive | Han not said here | the plain | vn run-51.3.2-2-1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme on plain=Trajectory |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/45/