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Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 46

Again he saw them coming, and looking about he discovered a very ill-smelling hole, and bending over it he exclaimed, as his pursuers came up, “Ah, how sweet, how fragrant!”

Who acts: Han, mountains, pursuers · What happens: see, come, look, discover, smell, bend · To what, where: mountains, ill smelling hole, hole · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Han, mountains, pursuers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

advmodnsubjobjxcomppunctccconjmarknsubjadvcldetadvmodamodpunctamodobjpunctcccsubjcaseoblnsubjconjpunctmarknmod:possnsubjadvcladvmodpunctpunctdiscoursepunctadvmodccomppunctadvmodconjpunctpunctrootAgainADVhePRONsawVERBthemPRONcomingVERB,PUNCTandCCONJlookingVERBaboutSCONJhePRONdiscoveredVERBaDETveryADVillADJ-PUNCTsmellingVERBholeNOUN,PUNCTandCCONJbendingVERBoverADPitPRONhePRONexclaimedVERB,PUNCTasSCONJhisPRONpursuersNOUNcameVERBupADV,PUNCT“PUNCTAhINTJ,PUNCThowADVsweetADJ,PUNCThowADVfragrantADJ!PUNCT”PUNCT
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
#wordlemmaUPOSfeaturesheadrelation
1AgainagainADV_3 sawadvmod
2hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs3 sawnsubj
3sawseeVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Finrootroot
4themtheyPRONCase=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs3 sawobj
5comingcomeVERBVerbForm=Ger3 sawxcomp
6,,PUNCT_8 lookingpunct
7andandCCONJ_8 lookingcc
8lookinglookVERBVerbForm=Ger5 comingconj
9aboutaboutSCONJ_11 discoveredmark
10hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs11 discoverednsubj
11discovereddiscoverVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin8 lookingadvcl
12aaDETDefinite=Ind PronType=Art17 holedet
13veryveryADV_14 illadvmod
14illillADJDegree=Pos17 holeamod
15--PUNCT_14 illpunct
16smellingsmellVERBTense=Pres VerbForm=Part17 holeamod
17holeholeNOUNNumber=Sing11 discoveredobj
18,,PUNCT_24 exclaimedpunct
19andandCCONJ_24 exclaimedcc
20bendingbendVERBVerbForm=Ger24 exclaimedcsubj
21overoverADP_22 itcase
22ititPRONCase=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs20 bendingobl
23hehePRONCase=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs24 exclaimednsubj
24exclaimedexclaimVERBMood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin3 sawconj
25,,PUNCT_29 camepunct
26asasSCONJ_29 camemark
27hishisPRONCase=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs28 pursuersnmod:poss
28pursuerspursuerNOUNNumber=Plur29 camensubj
29camecomeVERBMood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin36 sweetadvcl
30upupADV_29 cameadvmod
31,,PUNCT_36 sweetpunct
32“"PUNCT_36 sweetpunct
33AhahINTJ_36 sweetdiscourse
34,,PUNCT_36 sweetpunct
35howhowADVPronType=Int36 sweetadvmod
36sweetsweetADJDegree=Pos24 exclaimedccomp
37,,PUNCT_39 fragrantpunct
38howhowADVPronType=Int39 fragrantadvmod
39fragrantfragrantADJDegree=Pos36 sweetconj
40!!PUNCT_36 sweetpunct
41”"PUNCT_24 exclaimedpunct

Pragmatics

#verbtense, moodwhowhat, whomto whomwherewhenotherroles by
1seepastHanmountains = mountainagaintree rules
2comegerundmountains = mountain not said herevn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
3lookgerundmountains = mountain not said herevn stimulus_subject-30.4 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Stimulus
4discoverpastHana ill smelling holevn discover-84-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hole=Topic
5smellgerundvn smell_emission-43.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme
6bendgerundholevn assuming_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent over it=Location
7exclaim speech: expresspastHanvn say-37.7-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent
8come uppastHan's pursuersvn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/46/