Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 47
This time the Prince declared that Han Hsin was entirely foolish, and he would not kill a fool, for a man who did not know the difference between the sweetly fragrant and the offensive was not one a Prince need fear.
Who acts: Prince, Han, man, offensive · What happens: declare, be, not kill, not know, not be, need · To what, where: fool, difference, one, fear
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Prince, Han, man, offensive), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | This | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 2 time | det |
| 2 | time | time | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 declared | obl:unmarked |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 Prince | det |
| 4 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 declared | nsubj |
| 5 | declared | declare | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 6 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 11 foolish | mark |
| 7 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 foolish | nsubj |
| 8 | Hsin | Hsin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 Han | flat |
| 9 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 11 foolish | cop |
| 10 | entirely | entirely | ADV | _ | 11 foolish | advmod |
| 11 | foolish | foolish | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 5 declared | advcl |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 17 kill | punct |
| 13 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 17 kill | cc |
| 14 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 17 kill | nsubj |
| 15 | would | would | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 17 kill | aux |
| 16 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 17 kill | advmod |
| 17 | kill | kill | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 5 declared | conj |
| 18 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 19 fool | det |
| 19 | fool | fool | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 kill | obj |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 man | punct |
| 21 | for | for | ADP | _ | 23 man | case |
| 22 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 23 man | det |
| 23 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 declared | obl |
| 24 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 27 know | nsubj |
| 25 | did | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 27 know | aux |
| 26 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 know | advmod |
| 27 | know | know | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 23 man | acl:relcl |
| 28 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 29 difference | det |
| 29 | difference | difference | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 know | obj |
| 30 | between | between | ADP | _ | 33 fragrant | case |
| 31 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 fragrant | det |
| 32 | sweetly | sweetly | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 33 fragrant | amod |
| 33 | fragrant | fragrant | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 27 know | obl |
| 34 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 39 one | cc |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 36 offensive | det |
| 36 | offensive | offensive | NOUN | Number=Sing | 39 one | nsubj |
| 37 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 39 one | cop |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 one | advmod |
| 39 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 33 fragrant | conj |
| 40 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 41 Prince | det |
| 41 | Prince | Prince | PROPN | Number=Sing | 42 need | nsubj |
| 42 | need | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 one | acl:relcl |
| 43 | fear | fear | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 need | obj |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 declared | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | declare speech: other | past | the Prince | time | for a man | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S_INF»: agent=Agent | |||
| 2 | is | past | Han | entirely, foolish property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | not kill | would | Han | a fool | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent fool=Theme | ||||
| 4 | not know | past · do-support | a man | the difference | between the sweetly fragrant | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: agent=Experiencer difference=Stimulus | |||
| 5 | not is a | past | the offensive | one | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | need | present | a Prince | fear | vn want-32.1-1-1 «NP V NP ADV»: agent=Pivot fear=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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