Gleanings from Chinese folklore, A Chinese Hero, sentence 93
The battle had been near a river and Han Hsin knew that Chin Pa must cross it on his retreat.
Who acts: battle, Han, Chin Pa · What happens: be, know, cross · To what, where: river, retreat · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, A Chinese Hero. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (battle, Han, Chin Pa), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 battle | det |
| 2 | battle | battle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 river | nsubj |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 river | aux |
| 4 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 7 river | cop |
| 5 | near | near | ADP | _ | 7 river | case |
| 6 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 7 river | det |
| 7 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | root | root |
| 8 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 11 knew | cc |
| 9 | Han | Han | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 knew | nsubj |
| 10 | Hsin | Hsin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 9 Han | flat |
| 11 | knew | know | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 7 river | conj |
| 12 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 cross | mark |
| 13 | Chin | Chin | PROPN | Number=Sing | 14 Pa | compound |
| 14 | Pa | Pa | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 cross | nsubj |
| 15 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 cross | aux |
| 16 | cross | cross | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 knew | ccomp |
| 17 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 cross | obj |
| 18 | on | on | ADP | _ | 20 retreat | case |
| 19 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 20 retreat | nmod:poss |
| 20 | retreat | retreat | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 cross | obl |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 7 river | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | is | past · perfect | the battle | a river | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | know | past | Han | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | |||||
| 3 | cross | must | Chin Pa | river | Han's retreat | vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Gleanings from Chinese folklore» by Nellie Naomi Russell, Project Gutenberg book 75089 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75089/9/93/