Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of What Befell At Montalban, sentence 14
When Richard heard him speak in this fashion he said, "Do you threaten us, Sire, in this fashion, being a prisoner and in our power?"
Who acts: Richard, Mawgis, you · What happens: hear, speak, say, threaten, be · To what, where: Mawgis, fashion, us, prisoner · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of What Befell At Montalban. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Richard, Mawgis, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 3 heard | advmod |
| 2 | Richard | Richard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | nsubj |
| 3 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 3 heard | obj |
| 5 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 3 heard | xcomp |
| 6 | in | in | ADP | _ | 8 fashion | case |
| 7 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 8 fashion | det |
| 8 | fashion | fashion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 said | obl |
| 9 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 said | nsubj |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 speak | conj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 threaten | punct |
| 12 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 15 threaten | punct |
| 13 | Do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 15 threaten | aux |
| 14 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 15 threaten | nsubj |
| 15 | threaten | threaten | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 10 said | ccomp |
| 16 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 threaten | obj |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 Sire | punct |
| 18 | Sire | Sire | PROPN | Number=Sing | 15 threaten | obl |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 22 fashion | punct |
| 20 | in | in | ADP | _ | 22 fashion | case |
| 21 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 22 fashion | det |
| 22 | fashion | fashion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 threaten | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 prisoner | punct |
| 24 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 prisoner | cop |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 prisoner | det |
| 26 | prisoner | prisoner | NOUN | Number=Sing | 15 threaten | parataxis |
| 27 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 30 power | cc |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 power | case |
| 29 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 power | nmod:poss |
| 30 | power | power | NOUN | Number=Sing | 26 prisoner | conj |
| 31 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
| 32 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hear | past | Richard | Mawgis | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | speak speech: other | infinitive | Mawgis not said here | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | say speech: ask | past | Mawgis | this fashion | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 4 | threaten in a quote | present · do-support | you | us | this fashion | Sire obl | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus we=Experiencer | ||
| 5 | is a in a quote | gerund | a prisoner and our power | our power conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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