Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Peace Was Made, sentence 64
Truly I have lost him, and better friend or kinsman never was, by the King's cruelty and hardness of heart.
Who acts: I · What happens: lose, not be · To what, where: Mawgis
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Truly | truly | ADV | _ | 4 lost | advmod |
| 2 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 lost | nsubj |
| 3 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 4 lost | aux |
| 4 | lost | lose | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | root | root |
| 5 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 lost | obj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 friend | punct |
| 7 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 9 friend | cc |
| 8 | better | good | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 9 friend | amod |
| 9 | friend | friend | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 lost | advcl |
| 10 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 11 kinsman | cc |
| 11 | kinsman | kinsman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 friend | conj |
| 12 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 19 cruelty | advmod |
| 13 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 cruelty | cop |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 cruelty | punct |
| 15 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 cruelty | case |
| 16 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 17 King | det |
| 17 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 cruelty | nmod:poss |
| 18 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 17 King | case |
| 19 | cruelty | cruelty | NOUN | Number=Sing | 9 friend | conj |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 21 hardness | cc |
| 21 | hardness | hardness | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 cruelty | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 23 heart | case |
| 23 | heart | heart | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 hardness | nmod |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 lost | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | lose | present · perfect | I | Mawgis | better friend or kinsman and the King's cruelty and hardness of heart advcl; truly property | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Eventuality | |||
| 2 | not is | past | I not said here | by the King's cruelty and hardness of heart; the King nmod:poss; hardness of heart conj | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/12/64/