Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Peace Was Made, sentence 88
The Duke answered, "There came to my chamber ten churls saying that you had given commandment that I should be hanged, a thing which I could in no wise believe.
Who acts: Duke, ten churls, you · What happens: answer, come, say, give, hange, believe · To what, where: chamber, commandment · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Peace Was Made. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, ten churls, you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 2 Duke | det |
| 2 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 answered | nsubj |
| 3 | answered | answer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 came | punct |
| 5 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 7 came | punct |
| 6 | There | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 7 came | expl |
| 7 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 answered | conj |
| 8 | to | to | ADP | _ | 10 chamber | case |
| 9 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 10 chamber | nmod:poss |
| 10 | chamber | chamber | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 came | obl |
| 11 | ten | ten | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 12 churls | nummod |
| 12 | churls | churl | NOUN | Number=Plur | 10 chamber | nmod |
| 13 | saying | say | VERB | VerbForm=Ger | 12 churls | acl |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 17 given | mark |
| 15 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 17 given | nsubj |
| 16 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 17 given | aux |
| 17 | given | give | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 13 saying | ccomp |
| 18 | commandment | commandment | NOUN | Number=Sing | 17 given | obj |
| 19 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 hanged | nsubj:pass |
| 20 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 23 hanged | nsubj |
| 21 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 23 hanged | aux |
| 22 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 23 hanged | aux:pass |
| 23 | hanged | hange | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 18 commandment | acl:relcl |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 thing | punct |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 thing | det |
| 26 | thing | thing | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 chamber | conj |
| 27 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 29 could | nsubj |
| 28 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 29 could | nsubj |
| 29 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 33 believe | aux |
| 30 | in | in | ADP | _ | 32 wise | case |
| 31 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 32 wise | det |
| 32 | wise | wise | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 29 could | obl |
| 33 | believe | believe | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 26 thing | acl:relcl |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 answered | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | answer speech: assert | past | the Duke | vn reciprocate-112-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 2 | come in a quote | past | the Duke not said here | my chamber ten churls and a thing; there | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to chamber=Initial_Location | ||||
| 3 | say speech: assert in a quote | gerund | ten churls not said here | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | give in a quote | past · perfect | you | commandment | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent commandment=Theme | ||||
| 5 | hange in a quote | should · passive | commandment | I nsubj | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | believe in a quote | could | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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