Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Ralph Entertained the King, sentence 32
Never have I suffered worse weather or been so near to losing my way as when I met with this stranger here."
Who acts: I · What happens: not have, suffer, be, lose, meet · To what, where: worse weather, way
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Ralph Entertained the King. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 2 have | advmod |
| 2 | have | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 4 suffered | nsubj |
| 4 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 have | ccomp |
| 5 | worse | bad | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 6 weather | amod |
| 6 | weather | weather | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 suffered | obj |
| 7 | or | or | CCONJ | _ | 10 near | cc |
| 8 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 10 near | cop |
| 9 | so | so | ADV | _ | 10 near | advmod |
| 10 | near | near | ADV | _ | 6 weather | conj |
| 11 | to | to | SCONJ | _ | 12 losing | mark |
| 12 | losing | lose | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 near | advcl |
| 13 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 way | nmod:poss |
| 14 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 losing | obj |
| 15 | as | as | ADV | _ | 12 losing | advmod |
| 16 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 met | advmod |
| 17 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 18 met | nsubj |
| 18 | met | meet | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 suffered | advcl |
| 19 | with | with | ADP | _ | 21 stranger | case |
| 20 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 stranger | det |
| 21 | stranger | stranger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 met | obl |
| 22 | here | here | ADV | PronType=Dem | 18 met | advmod |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
| 24 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 2 have | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not have | present | tree rules | ||||||
| 2 | suffer | past | I | worse weather | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer weather=Stimulus | ||||
| 3 | is | participle | I not said here | near property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | lose | gerund | I not said here | my way | vn succeed-74-3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality | ||||
| 5 | meet | past | I | here | with this stranger | vn meet-36.3-1 «NP V PP.co-agent»: agent=Agent with stranger=Co-Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/14/32/