Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Fierabras Defied King Charles, sentence 25
Do you bear in mind what happened but yesterday, when we were so near to being taken by the heathen, how they fell upon us with fifty thousand men and how we the younger knights bore the burden and brunt of the day and suffered many grievous wounds, so that Oliver my comrade was brought near to death, and indeed, but for your help, we had all perished?
Who acts: you, we, heathen, others, your · What happens: bear, happen, be, take, fall, suffer · To what, where: mind, burden, many grievous wounds, Oliver comrade, death, we
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Fierabras Defied King Charles. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, we, heathen, others), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Do | do | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 3 bear | aux |
| 2 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 3 bear | nsubj |
| 3 | bear | bear | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 4 | in | in | ADP | _ | 5 mind | case |
| 5 | mind | mind | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 bear | obl |
| 6 | what | what | PRON | PronType=Int | 7 happened | nsubj |
| 7 | happened | happen | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 bear | ccomp |
| 8 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 9 yesterday | cc |
| 9 | yesterday | yesterday | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 happened | conj |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 15 near | punct |
| 11 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 15 near | advmod |
| 12 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 15 near | nsubj |
| 13 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 near | cop |
| 14 | so | so | ADV | _ | 15 near | advmod |
| 15 | near | near | ADV | _ | 3 bear | advmod |
| 16 | to | to | SCONJ | _ | 18 taken | mark |
| 17 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 18 taken | aux:pass |
| 18 | taken | take | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 15 near | advcl |
| 19 | by | by | ADP | _ | 21 heathen | case |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 heathen | det |
| 21 | heathen | heathen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 taken | obl |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 fell | punct |
| 23 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 fell | advmod |
| 24 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 fell | nsubj |
| 25 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 heathen | acl:relcl |
| 26 | upon | upon | ADP | _ | 27 us | case |
| 27 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 25 fell | obl |
| 28 | with | with | ADP | _ | 31 men | case |
| 29 | fifty | fifty | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 thousand | compound |
| 30 | thousand | thousand | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 31 men | nummod |
| 31 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 fell | obl |
| 32 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 38 bore | cc |
| 33 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 38 bore | advmod |
| 34 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 38 bore | nsubj |
| 35 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 37 knights | det |
| 36 | younger | young | ADJ | Degree=Cmp | 37 knights | amod |
| 37 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 38 bore | nsubj |
| 38 | bore | bear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 31 men | conj |
| 39 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 40 burden | det |
| 40 | burden | burden | NOUN | Number=Sing | 38 bore | obj |
| 41 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 42 brunt | cc |
| 42 | brunt | brunt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 burden | conj |
| 43 | of | of | ADP | _ | 45 day | case |
| 44 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 45 day | det |
| 45 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 42 brunt | nmod |
| 46 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 47 suffered | cc |
| 47 | suffered | suffer | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 38 bore | conj |
| 48 | many | many | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 wounds | amod |
| 49 | grievous | grievous | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 50 wounds | amod |
| 50 | wounds | wound | NOUN | Number=Plur | 47 suffered | obj |
| 51 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 brought | punct |
| 52 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 58 brought | mark |
| 53 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 52 so | fixed |
| 54 | Oliver | Oliver | PROPN | Number=Sing | 56 comrade | compound |
| 55 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 56 comrade | nmod:poss |
| 56 | comrade | comrade | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 brought | nsubj:pass |
| 57 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 58 brought | aux:pass |
| 58 | brought | bring | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 38 bore | conj |
| 59 | near | near | ADP | _ | 61 death | case |
| 60 | to | to | ADP | _ | 61 death | case |
| 61 | death | death | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 brought | obl |
| 62 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 64 indeed | punct |
| 63 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 64 indeed | cc |
| 64 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 58 brought | advmod |
| 65 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 74 perished | punct |
| 66 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 74 perished | cc |
| 67 | for | for | ADP | _ | 69 help | case |
| 68 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 69 help | nmod:poss |
| 69 | help | help | NOUN | Number=Sing | 74 perished | obl |
| 70 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 69 help | punct |
| 71 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 74 perished | nsubj:pass |
| 72 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 74 perished | aux |
| 73 | all | all | ADV | _ | 74 perished | advmod |
| 74 | perished | perish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 58 brought | parataxis |
| 75 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 3 bear | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | bear | present · do-support | you | mind | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | happen | past | what nsubj | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 3 | is | past | we | near property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | take | gerund · passive | the heathen | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 5 | fall | past | others = other | upon us; with thousand men | vn occur-48.3 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme upon we=Location | ||||
| 6 | bear | past | we | the burden and brunt of the day | the younger knights nsubj | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent burden=Patient | |||
| 7 | suffer | past | we not said here | many grievous wounds | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer wound=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | bring | past · passive | my Oliver comrade | death | indeed property | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: subject=Theme | |||
| 9 | perish | past · perfect · passive | we | for your help; all property | tree rules | ||||
| 10 | help | your | nom help «act transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/16/25/