Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners, sentence 27
After this he drew Hautclere his sword, and smote the first man that he encountered--he was the son of the greatest lord that was in the army of the Saracens--and cleft his body to the breast, so that he fell down dead.
Who acts: Oliver, greatest lord · What happens: draw, smite, encounter, be, cleft, fall down · To what, where: Hautclere, first man, son, army, body
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and Others Were Taken Prisoners. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Oliver, greatest lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | ADP | _ | 2 this | case |
| 2 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 4 drew | obl |
| 3 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 drew | nsubj |
| 4 | drew | draw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | Hautclere | Hautclere | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 drew | obj |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 sword | nmod:poss |
| 7 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 Hautclere | appos |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 smote | punct |
| 9 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 10 smote | cc |
| 10 | smote | smite | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 drew | conj |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 man | det |
| 12 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 13 man | amod |
| 13 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 smote | obj |
| 14 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 16 encountered | mark |
| 15 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 16 encountered | nsubj |
| 16 | encountered | encounter | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 10 smote | advcl |
| 17 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 21 son | punct |
| 18 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 21 son | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 21 son | cop |
| 20 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 21 son | det |
| 21 | son | son | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 drew | conj |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 lord | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 lord | det |
| 24 | greatest | great | ADJ | Degree=Sup | 25 lord | amod |
| 25 | lord | lord | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 son | nmod |
| 26 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 30 army | nsubj |
| 27 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 army | cop |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 army | case |
| 29 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 30 army | det |
| 30 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 25 lord | acl:relcl |
| 31 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 Saracens | case |
| 32 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 33 Saracens | det |
| 33 | Saracens | saracen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 30 army | nmod |
| 34 | -- | -- | PUNCT | _ | 36 cleft | punct |
| 35 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 36 cleft | cc |
| 36 | cleft | cleft | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 drew | conj |
| 37 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 38 body | nmod:poss |
| 38 | body | body | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 cleft | obj |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 41 breast | case |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 breast | det |
| 41 | breast | breast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 36 cleft | obl |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 46 fell | punct |
| 43 | so | so | SCONJ | ExtPos=SCONJ | 46 fell | mark |
| 44 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 43 so | fixed |
| 45 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 46 fell | nsubj |
| 46 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 36 cleft | advcl |
| 47 | down | down | ADV | _ | 46 fell | advmod |
| 48 | dead | dead | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 46 fell | xcomp |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 drew | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | draw | past | Oliver | Hautclere | after this | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent hautclere=Theme | |||
| 2 | smite | past | Oliver not said here | the first man | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus man=Experiencer | ||||
| 3 | encounter | past | Oliver | vn encounter-30.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 4 | is a | past | Oliver | the son | of the greatest lord | tree rules | |||
| 5 | is | past | the greatest lord | the army | of the Saracens | tree rules | |||
| 6 | cleft | infinitive | Oliver not said here | Oliver's body | to the breast | tree rules | |||
| 7 | fall down | past | Oliver | dead, down property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/18/27/