Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 37

He was therefore in evil case, and most certainly had died but for Gerard of Montdidier, who kept him up so that he should not drown.

Who acts: water, Gerard · What happens: be, die, keep up, not drown · To what, where: evil case, water

This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (water, Gerard), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	He	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	6 case	nsubj
2	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	6 case	cop
3	therefore	therefore	ADV	_	6 case	advmod
4	in	in	ADP	_	6 case	case
5	evil	evil	ADJ	Degree=Pos	6 case	amod
6	case	case	NOUN	Number=Sing	root	root
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	12 died	punct
8	and	and	CCONJ	_	12 died	cc
9	most	most	ADV	Degree=Sup	10 certainly	advmod
10	certainly	certainly	ADV	_	12 died	advmod
11	had	have	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	12 died	aux
12	died	die	VERB	Tense=Past VerbForm=Part	6 case	conj
13	but	but	CCONJ	_	15 Gerard	cc
14	for	for	ADP	_	15 Gerard	case
15	Gerard	Gerard	PROPN	Number=Sing	12 died	obl
16	of	of	ADP	_	17 Montdidier	case
17	Montdidier	Montdidier	PROPN	Number=Sing	15 Gerard	nmod
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 kept	punct
19	who	who	PRON	PronType=Rel	20 kept	nsubj
20	kept	keep	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	15 Gerard	acl:relcl
21	him	he	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	20 kept	obj
22	up	up	ADP	_	20 kept	compound:prt
23	so	so	SCONJ	ExtPos=SCONJ	28 drown	mark
24	that	that	SCONJ	_	23 so	fixed
25	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	28 drown	nsubj
26	should	should	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	28 drown	aux
27	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	28 drown	advmod
28	drown	drown	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	20 kept	advcl
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	6 case	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	is	past	water		evil case	therefore property	tree rules
2	die	past · perfect	water not said here			for Gerard of Montdidier; certainly property	vn long-32.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Pivot for gerard=Theme
3	keep up	past	Gerard of Montdidier	water			vn sustain-55.6 «NP V NP PP.instrument»: agent=Agent he=Theme
4	not drown	should	water				vn poison-42.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

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🌲 Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 37

The tree

Pragmatics

Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How Oliver and His Comrades Fared, sentence 37