Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Bridge of Mantryble, sentence 94
Then Roland laughed out, and said, "Sir Duke, you have indeed kept your word;" and when they had gone a little further Roland espied a Turk that was coming across the bridge, and without ado he lighted down from his beast, took the Turk by the middle, and threw him over the wall of the bridge into the river.
Who acts: Roland, words, that, your · What happens: laugh out, say, keep, go, espy, come · To what, where: you, little, Turk, bridge, beast, Roland · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Bridge of Mantryble. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Roland, words, that, your), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Then | then | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 laughed | advmod |
| 2 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 laughed | nsubj |
| 3 | laughed | laugh | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | out | out | ADP | _ | 3 laughed | compound:prt |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 7 said | punct |
| 6 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 7 said | cc |
| 7 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 laughed | conj |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 Duke | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 11 Duke | punct |
| 10 | Sir | Sir | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 Duke | nmod:desc |
| 11 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 said | ccomp |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 kept | punct |
| 13 | you | you | PRON | Case=Nom Person=2 PronType=Prs | 16 kept | nsubj:pass |
| 14 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=2 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 16 kept | aux |
| 15 | indeed | indeed | ADV | _ | 16 kept | advmod |
| 16 | kept | keep | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 7 said | ccomp |
| 17 | your | your | PRON | Case=Gen Person=2 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 18 word | nmod:poss |
| 18 | word | word | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 kept | obj |
| 19 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 3 laughed | punct |
| 20 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 3 laughed | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 gone | cc |
| 22 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 25 gone | advmod |
| 23 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 25 gone | nsubj |
| 24 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 gone | aux |
| 25 | gone | go | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 3 laughed | conj |
| 26 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 27 little | det |
| 27 | little | little | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 gone | obl:unmarked |
| 28 | further | far | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 30 espied | advmod |
| 29 | Roland | Roland | PROPN | Number=Sing | 30 espied | nsubj |
| 30 | espied | espy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 25 gone | advcl |
| 31 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 32 Turk | det |
| 32 | Turk | turk | NOUN | Number=Sing | 30 espied | obj |
| 33 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 35 coming | nsubj |
| 34 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 35 coming | aux |
| 35 | coming | come | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 32 Turk | appos |
| 36 | across | across | ADP | _ | 38 bridge | case |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 bridge | det |
| 38 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 coming | obl |
| 39 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 lighted | punct |
| 40 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 lighted | cc |
| 41 | without | without | ADP | _ | 42 ado | case |
| 42 | ado | ado | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 lighted | obl |
| 43 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 44 lighted | nsubj |
| 44 | lighted | light | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 laughed | conj |
| 45 | down | down | ADP | _ | 44 lighted | compound:prt |
| 46 | from | from | ADP | _ | 48 beast | case |
| 47 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 48 beast | nmod:poss |
| 48 | beast | beast | NOUN | Number=Sing | 44 lighted | obl |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 50 took | punct |
| 50 | took | take | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 laughed | conj |
| 51 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 52 Turk | det |
| 52 | Turk | Turk | PROPN | Number=Sing | 50 took | obj |
| 53 | by | by | ADP | _ | 55 middle | case |
| 54 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 55 middle | det |
| 55 | middle | middle | NOUN | Number=Sing | 50 took | obl |
| 56 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 58 threw | punct |
| 57 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 58 threw | cc |
| 58 | threw | throw | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 laughed | conj |
| 59 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 58 threw | obj |
| 60 | over | over | ADP | _ | 62 wall | case |
| 61 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 62 wall | det |
| 62 | wall | wall | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 threw | obl |
| 63 | of | of | ADP | _ | 65 bridge | case |
| 64 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 65 bridge | det |
| 65 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 62 wall | nmod |
| 66 | into | into | ADP | _ | 68 river | case |
| 67 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 68 river | det |
| 68 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 58 threw | obl |
| 69 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 laughed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | laugh out | past | Roland | then | vn nonverbal_expression-40.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert | past | Roland not said here | Duke Sir ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | ||||
| 3 | keep in a quote | present · perfect · passive | you | your word obj; indeed property | vn sustain-55.6-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: subject=Theme word=Attribute | ||||
| 4 | go | past · perfect | words = word | a little | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | ||||
| 5 | espy | past | Roland | a Turk | far property | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer turk=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | come | past · progressive | that | the bridge | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme across bridge=Initial_Location | ||||
| 7 | light down | past | Roland | Roland's beast | without ado | vn preparing-26.3-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent from beast=Material | |||
| 8 | take | past | Roland not said here | the Turk | by the middle | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP ADVP»: agent=Instrument turk=Destination | |||
| 9 | throw | past | Roland not said here | Roland | the wall of the bridge | into the river result | vn throw-17.1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.result»: agent=Causer he=Theme into river=Result | ||
| 10 | word in a quote | your | nom word «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/20/94/