Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Doings of Floripas, sentence 2
The Duke Naymes said to his companions, "I am the bearer of the King's letter, and I therefore will speak first."
Who acts: Duke Naymes, King · What happens: say, be, speak, letter · To what, where: companions, bearer · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Doings of Floripas. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke Naymes, King), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | The | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Naymes | det |
| 2 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Naymes | compound |
| 3 | Naymes | Naymes | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | to | to | ADP | _ | 7 companions | case |
| 6 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 7 companions | nmod:poss |
| 7 | companions | companion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 said | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 13 bearer | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 13 bearer | punct |
| 10 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 13 bearer | nsubj |
| 11 | am | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 13 bearer | cop |
| 12 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 13 bearer | det |
| 13 | bearer | bearer | NOUN | Number=Sing | 7 companions | nmod |
| 14 | of | of | ADP | _ | 18 letter | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 King | det |
| 16 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 18 letter | nmod:poss |
| 17 | 's | 's | PART | _ | 16 King | case |
| 18 | letter | letter | NOUN | Number=Sing | 13 bearer | nmod |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 24 speak | punct |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 24 speak | cc |
| 21 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 24 speak | nsubj |
| 22 | therefore | therefore | ADV | _ | 24 speak | advmod |
| 23 | will | will | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 24 speak | aux |
| 24 | speak | speak | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 4 said | ccomp |
| 25 | first | first | ADV | NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 24 speak | advmod |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 24 speak | punct |
| 27 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 24 speak | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past | the Duke Naymes | Naymes's companions | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to companion=Recipient clause=Topic | ||||
| 2 | is a in a quote | present | the Duke Naymes = naymes | the bearer | of the King's letter | tree rules | |||
| 3 | speak speech: other in a quote | future | the Duke Naymes = naymes | first, therefore property | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | letter in a quote | the King | nom letter «communication transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/21/2/