Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of the Doings of the French Knights, sentence 28
I never heard of the great coal," said the Duke.
Who acts: I, Duke · What happens: not hear, say · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of the Doings of the French Knights. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 3 heard | nsubj |
| 2 | never | never | ADV | PronType=Neg | 3 heard | advmod |
| 3 | heard | hear | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 4 | of | of | ADP | _ | 7 coal | case |
| 5 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 7 coal | det |
| 6 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 7 coal | amod |
| 7 | coal | coal | NOUN | Number=Sing | 3 heard | obl |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 9 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 10 said | punct |
| 10 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 3 heard | parataxis |
| 11 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 12 Duke | det |
| 12 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 said | nsubj |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 3 heard | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not hear | past | I | of the great coal | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus | ||||
| 2 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | the Duke | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/22/28/