Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Guy of Burgundy, sentence 101
Thereupon the Saracens made yet another assault on the Tower; so fierce was it that the air was as it were dark with arrows and darts and stones, great portions of the walls fell down, and the knights were greatly troubled. "
Who acts: Saracens, air, knights · What happens: make, be, fall down · To what, where: assault, Tower
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Guy of Burgundy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Saracens, air, knights), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Thereupon | thereupon | ADV | _ | 4 made | advmod |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Saracens | det |
| 3 | Saracens | saracen | NOUN | Number=Plur | 4 made | nsubj |
| 4 | made | make | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | yet | yet | ADV | _ | 4 made | advmod |
| 6 | another | another | DET | PronType=Ind | 7 assault | det |
| 7 | assault | assault | NOUN | Number=Sing | 4 made | obj |
| 8 | on | on | ADP | _ | 10 Tower | case |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 Tower | det |
| 10 | Tower | Tower | PROPN | Number=Sing | 7 assault | nmod |
| 11 | ; | ; | PUNCT | _ | 13 fierce | punct |
| 12 | so | so | ADV | _ | 13 fierce | advmod |
| 13 | fierce | fierce | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 made | conj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 it | cop |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 made | obl |
| 16 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 23 dark | mark |
| 17 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 18 air | det |
| 18 | air | air | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 dark | nsubj |
| 19 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 dark | cop |
| 20 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 23 dark | mark |
| 21 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 23 dark | nsubj |
| 22 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 23 dark | cop |
| 23 | dark | dark | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 36 fell | advcl |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 25 arrows | case |
| 25 | arrows | arrow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 23 dark | obl |
| 26 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 27 darts | cc |
| 27 | darts | dart | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 arrows | conj |
| 28 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 29 stones | cc |
| 29 | stones | stone | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 arrows | conj |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 32 portions | punct |
| 31 | great | great | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 32 portions | amod |
| 32 | portions | portion | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 arrows | conj |
| 33 | of | of | ADP | _ | 35 walls | case |
| 34 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 35 walls | det |
| 35 | walls | wall | NOUN | Number=Plur | 32 portions | nmod |
| 36 | fell | fall | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 made | parataxis |
| 37 | down | down | ADV | _ | 36 fell | advmod |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 troubled | punct |
| 39 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 44 troubled | cc |
| 40 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 41 knights | det |
| 41 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 44 troubled | nsubj |
| 42 | were | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 troubled | cop |
| 43 | greatly | greatly | ADV | _ | 44 troubled | advmod |
| 44 | troubled | troubled | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 made | conj |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
| 46 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 made | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | make | past | the Saracens | another assault | the Tower | yet | thereupon property | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset assault=Product | |
| 2 | is a | past | Tower | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | is | past | the air | with arrows and darts and stones and great portions of the walls; dark property | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | fall down | past | down property | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | |||||
| 5 | is | past | the knights | greatly, troubled property | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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