Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Guy of Burgundy, sentence 102
Now," said they, "we must needs be vanquished, for our defence is broken down."
Who acts: stones, our · What happens: say, vanquish, break down, defend · To what, where: defence · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Guy of Burgundy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stones, our), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 said | advmod |
| 2 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Now | punct |
| 3 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 5 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 4 said | nsubj |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 vanquished | punct |
| 7 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 12 vanquished | punct |
| 8 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 10 needs | nsubj |
| 9 | must | must | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 10 needs | aux |
| 10 | needs | need | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 12 vanquished | aux |
| 11 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 12 vanquished | aux:pass |
| 12 | vanquished | vanquish | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 4 said | conj |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 broken | punct |
| 14 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 18 broken | mark |
| 15 | our | our | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Plur Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 defence | nmod:poss |
| 16 | defence | defence | NOUN | Number=Sing | 18 broken | nsubj:pass |
| 17 | is | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 18 broken | aux:pass |
| 18 | broken | break | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 vanquished | conj |
| 19 | down | down | ADP | _ | 18 broken | compound:prt |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
| 21 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert in a quote | past | stones = stone | now | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | vanquish | present · passive | stones = stone not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 3 | break down | present · passive | our defence | vn break-45.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | |||||
| 4 | defend | our | nom defence «process transitive»: poss=agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/23/102/