Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 1
On a certain day after these things Richard of Normandy said to his fellows, "How long are we to abide shut up in this Tower?
Who acts: Richard, we · What happens: say, be, shut up · To what, where: fellows, Tower · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Richard, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | On | on | ADP | _ | 4 day | case |
| 2 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 4 day | det |
| 3 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 4 day | amod |
| 4 | day | day | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 said | obl |
| 5 | after | after | ADP | _ | 7 things | case |
| 6 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 7 things | det |
| 7 | things | thing | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 said | obl |
| 8 | Richard | Richard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 11 said | nsubj |
| 9 | of | of | ADP | _ | 10 Normandy | case |
| 10 | Normandy | Normandy | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Richard | nmod |
| 11 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 12 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 fellows | case |
| 13 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 14 fellows | nmod:poss |
| 14 | fellows | fellow | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 said | obl |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 long | punct |
| 16 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 18 long | punct |
| 17 | How | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 18 long | advmod |
| 18 | long | long | ADV | Degree=Pos | 22 abide | advmod |
| 19 | are | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 22 abide | cop |
| 20 | we | we | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 22 abide | nsubj |
| 21 | to | to | PART | _ | 22 abide | mark |
| 22 | abide | abide | VERB | Mood=Sub Number=Plur Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 11 said | ccomp |
| 23 | shut | shut | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 22 abide | xcomp |
| 24 | up | up | ADP | _ | 23 shut | compound:prt |
| 25 | in | in | ADP | _ | 27 Tower | case |
| 26 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 27 Tower | det |
| 27 | Tower | Tower | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 shut | obl |
| 28 | ? | ? | PUNCT | _ | 11 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: ask | past | Richard of Normandy | Richard's fellows | after this things; day | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V PP.recipient S-Quote»: agent=Agent to fellow=Recipient clause=Topic | |||
| 2 | is in a quote | present | we | abide, long property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | shut up in a quote | participle | we not said here | this Tower | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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