Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 119
Scarcely had the army set forth, when King Charles, chancing to cast his eyes eastward, saw one on horseback, with a sword drawn in his hand, that was riding with all the speed to which he could put his horse.
Who acts: Scarcely, army, Charles, that · What happens: have, set, chance, cast, see, draw · To what, where: eyes, one, horseback, sword, hand, horse
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Scarcely, army, Charles, that), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scarcely | Scarcely | PROPN | Number=Sing | 2 had | nsubj |
| 2 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 3 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 4 army | det |
| 4 | army | army | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 set | nsubj |
| 5 | set | set | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | ccomp |
| 6 | forth | forth | ADV | _ | 5 set | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 chancing | punct |
| 8 | when | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 12 chancing | advmod |
| 9 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 10 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 12 chancing | nsubj |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 12 chancing | punct |
| 12 | chancing | chance | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 5 set | advcl |
| 13 | to | to | PART | _ | 14 cast | mark |
| 14 | cast | cast | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 12 chancing | xcomp |
| 15 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 16 eyes | nmod:poss |
| 16 | eyes | eye | NOUN | Number=Plur | 14 cast | obj |
| 17 | eastward | eastward | ADV | _ | 14 cast | advmod |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 saw | punct |
| 19 | saw | see | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 2 had | parataxis |
| 20 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 19 saw | obj |
| 21 | on | on | ADP | _ | 22 horseback | case |
| 22 | horseback | horseback | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 saw | obl |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 26 sword | punct |
| 24 | with | with | ADP | _ | 26 sword | case |
| 25 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 26 sword | det |
| 26 | sword | sword | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 saw | conj |
| 27 | drawn | draw | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 26 sword | acl |
| 28 | in | in | ADP | _ | 30 hand | case |
| 29 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 30 hand | nmod:poss |
| 30 | hand | hand | NOUN | Number=Sing | 27 drawn | obl |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 34 riding | punct |
| 32 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 34 riding | nsubj |
| 33 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 34 riding | aux |
| 34 | riding | ride | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 26 sword | advcl |
| 35 | with | with | ADP | _ | 38 speed | case |
| 36 | all | all | DET | PronType=Tot | 38 speed | det:predet |
| 37 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 38 speed | det |
| 38 | speed | speed | NOUN | Number=Sing | 34 riding | obl |
| 39 | to | to | ADP | _ | 40 which | case |
| 40 | which | which | PRON | PronType=Rel | 43 put | obl |
| 41 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 43 put | nsubj |
| 42 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 put | aux |
| 43 | put | put | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 38 speed | acl:relcl |
| 44 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 45 horse | nmod:poss |
| 45 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 put | obj |
| 46 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 2 had | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | past | Scarcely | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | set | past | the army | forth property | vn other_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | ||||
| 3 | chance | gerund | Charles King | vn risk-94-1 «NP V S_ING»: agent=Agent clause=Theme | |||||
| 4 | cast | to-infinitive | Charles King not said here | King's eyes | eastward property | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent eye=Product | |||
| 5 | see | past | one | horseback | a sword conj | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer one=Stimulus | |||
| 6 | draw | participle | a sword not said here | King's hand | vn scribble-25.2-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent in hand=Destination | ||||
| 7 | ride | past · progressive | that | with all speed | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 8 | put | could | Charles | King's horse | to all speed | vn invest-13.5.4-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Agent horse=Goal |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/24/119/