Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 20
Having so promised, he said, "Let us consider now how I may get away from this place unseen of the-men-at-arms, for if they espy me I cannot escape."
Who acts: Richard, us, arms · What happens: have, promise, say, let, consider, get away · To what, where: us, place unseen, Richard · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Richard, us, arms), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 6 said | advcl |
| 2 | so | so | ADV | _ | 3 promised | advmod |
| 3 | promised | promise | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 1 Having | xcomp |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 1 Having | punct |
| 5 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 said | nsubj |
| 6 | said | say | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 9 Let | punct |
| 8 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Let | punct |
| 9 | Let | let | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 6 said | ccomp |
| 10 | us | we | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=1 PronType=Prs | 9 Let | obj |
| 11 | consider | consider | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 9 Let | xcomp |
| 12 | now | now | ADV | PronType=Dem | 11 consider | advmod |
| 13 | how | how | ADV | PronType=Int | 16 get | advmod |
| 14 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 16 get | nsubj |
| 15 | may | may | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 16 get | aux |
| 16 | get | get | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 11 consider | parataxis |
| 17 | away | away | ADV | _ | 16 get | advmod |
| 18 | from | from | ADP | _ | 21 unseen | case |
| 19 | this | this | DET | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 21 unseen | det |
| 20 | place | place | NOUN | Number=Sing | 21 unseen | compound |
| 21 | unseen | unseen | NOUN | Number=Sing | 16 get | obl |
| 22 | of | of | ADP | _ | 25 men | case |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 25 men | det |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 23 the | punct |
| 25 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 21 unseen | nmod |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 arms | punct |
| 27 | at | at | ADP | _ | 29 arms | case |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 27 at | punct |
| 29 | arms | arm | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 men | nmod |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 escape | punct |
| 31 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 39 escape | mark |
| 32 | if | if | SCONJ | _ | 34 espy | mark |
| 33 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 34 espy | nsubj |
| 34 | espy | espy | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 39 escape | advcl |
| 35 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 34 espy | obj |
| 36 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 39 escape | nsubj |
| 37 | can | can | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 39 escape | aux |
| 38 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 39 escape | advmod |
| 39 | escape | escape | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 16 get | conj |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 9 Let | punct |
| 41 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 9 Let | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | have | gerund | Richard not said here | tree rules | |||||
| 2 | promise speech: promise | participle | Richard not said here | vn promise-37.13 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | |||||
| 3 | say speech: assert | past | Richard | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 4 | let in a quote | infinitive | us | tree rules | |||||
| 5 | consider in a quote | infinitive | us not said here | now | vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 6 | get away in a quote | may | Richard | this place unseen of the men at arms | away property | vn withdraw-82-2 «NP V PP.source»: agent=Agent from unseen=Source | |||
| 7 | espy a condition, not said to happen, in a quote | present | arms = arm | Richard | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer i=Stimulus | ||||
| 8 | not escape in a quote | can | Richard | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/24/20/