Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 29
After the Duke had ridden awhile, the road being very steep, for it was on the side of a mountain, his horse was sorely spent, and he was constrained to halt.
Who acts: Duke, road · What happens: ride, be, spend, constrain, halt · To what, where: horse, Duke
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke, road), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | After | after | SCONJ | _ | 5 ridden | mark |
| 2 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 3 Duke | det |
| 3 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 5 ridden | nsubj |
| 4 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 ridden | aux |
| 5 | ridden | ride | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 12 steep | advcl |
| 6 | awhile | awhile | ADV | _ | 5 ridden | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 5 ridden | punct |
| 8 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 9 road | det |
| 9 | road | road | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 steep | nsubj |
| 10 | being | be | AUX | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 12 steep | cop |
| 11 | very | very | ADV | _ | 12 steep | advmod |
| 12 | steep | steep | ADJ | Degree=Pos | root | root |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 side | punct |
| 14 | for | for | ADP | _ | 19 side | case |
| 15 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 19 side | nsubj |
| 16 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 19 side | cop |
| 17 | on | on | ADP | _ | 19 side | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 side | det |
| 19 | side | side | NOUN | Number=Sing | 12 steep | obl |
| 20 | of | of | ADP | _ | 22 mountain | case |
| 21 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 22 mountain | det |
| 22 | mountain | mountain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 side | nmod |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 spent | punct |
| 24 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 25 horse | nmod:poss |
| 25 | horse | horse | NOUN | Number=Sing | 28 spent | obj |
| 26 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 28 spent | aux:pass |
| 27 | sorely | sorely | ADV | _ | 28 spent | advmod |
| 28 | spent | spend | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 12 steep | parataxis |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 constrained | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 33 constrained | cc |
| 31 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 33 constrained | nsubj |
| 32 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 33 constrained | aux:pass |
| 33 | constrained | constrain | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 28 spent | conj |
| 34 | to | to | PART | _ | 35 halt | mark |
| 35 | halt | halt | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 33 constrained | xcomp |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 12 steep | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ride | past · perfect | the Duke | awhile property | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2 «NP.agent V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | is | gerund | the road | steep property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | is | past | road | for the side; of a mountain | tree rules | ||||
| 4 | spend | past · passive | Duke's horse | sorely property | vn consume-66-1 «NP V NP»: horse=Asset | ||||
| 5 | constrain | past · passive | Duke | vn limit-76 «NP V NP S_INF»: subject=Patient clause=Goal | |||||
| 6 | halt | to-infinitive | vn stop-55.4-1 «NP.eventuality V»: agent=Eventuality |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/24/29/