Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 57
But this they could not do, for the creature won its way to the gates of the Tower, and these the knights opened to receive him, lamenting much, for they had no doubt but that Duke Richard had been slain.
Who acts: this, creature, knights, horses · What happens: not do, win, open, receive, lament, have · To what, where: way, beast, doubt, slain
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (this, creature, knights, horses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | But | but | CCONJ | _ | 6 do | cc |
| 2 | this | this | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 6 do | nsubj:outer |
| 3 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 6 do | nsubj |
| 4 | could | could | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 6 do | aux |
| 5 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 6 do | advmod |
| 6 | do | do | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | root | root |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 11 won | punct |
| 8 | for | for | SCONJ | _ | 11 won | mark |
| 9 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 10 creature | det |
| 10 | creature | creature | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 won | nsubj |
| 11 | won | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 do | conj |
| 12 | its | its | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 13 way | nmod:poss |
| 13 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 won | obj |
| 14 | to | to | ADP | _ | 16 gates | case |
| 15 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 16 gates | det |
| 16 | gates | gate | NOUN | Number=Plur | 11 won | obl |
| 17 | of | of | ADP | _ | 19 Tower | case |
| 18 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 19 Tower | det |
| 19 | Tower | Tower | PROPN | Number=Sing | 16 gates | nmod |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 25 opened | punct |
| 21 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 25 opened | cc |
| 22 | these | this | DET | Number=Plur PronType=Dem | 24 knights | det |
| 23 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 24 knights | det |
| 24 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 25 opened | nsubj |
| 25 | opened | open | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 6 do | advcl |
| 26 | to | to | PART | _ | 27 receive | mark |
| 27 | receive | receive | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 25 opened | xcomp |
| 28 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 27 receive | obj |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 lamenting | punct |
| 30 | lamenting | lament | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 25 opened | advcl |
| 31 | much | much | ADV | _ | 30 lamenting | advmod |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 had | punct |
| 33 | for | for | ADP | _ | 35 had | case |
| 34 | they | they | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 35 had | nsubj |
| 35 | had | have | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 30 lamenting | conj |
| 36 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 37 doubt | det |
| 37 | doubt | doubt | NOUN | Number=Sing | 35 had | obj |
| 38 | but | but | CCONJ | _ | 41 Richard | cc |
| 39 | that | that | PRON | Number=Sing PronType=Dem | 41 Richard | nsubj |
| 40 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 41 Richard | compound |
| 41 | Richard | Richard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 doubt | conj |
| 42 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 44 slain | aux |
| 43 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 44 slain | cop |
| 44 | slain | slain | NOUN | Number=Sing | 41 Richard | appos |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 6 do | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | not do | could | this | horses = horse nsubj | vn act-114-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 2 | win | past | the creature | creature's way | to the gates of the Tower | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality | |||
| 3 | open | past | this knights | tree rules | |||||
| 4 | receive | to-infinitive | this knights not said here | beast | vn obtain-13.5.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme | ||||
| 5 | lament | gerund | this knights not said here | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer | |||||
| 6 | have | past | horses = horse | no doubt but Duke Richard that | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent doubt=Patient | ||||
| 7 | is a | past · perfect | slain | tree rules |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/24/57/