Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 81

Meanwhile Duke Richard considered within himself by what means he might cross the bridge, and was in great perplexity, "for," said he, "I do not see how I may win forward, nor may I return, and so fail in my promise to Roland.

Who acts: Meanwhile, drawbridge, my · What happens: consider, mean, cross, be, say, not see · To what, where: bridge, great perplexity, promise · Speech: someone speaks here

This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Of Richard of Normandy. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Meanwhile, drawbridge, my), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.

Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.

The tree

The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)

#	word	lemma	UPOS	features	head	relation
1	Meanwhile	Meanwhile	PROPN	Number=Sing	4 considered	nsubj
2	Duke	Duke	PROPN	Number=Sing	3 Richard	compound
3	Richard	Richard	PROPN	Number=Sing	1 Meanwhile	conj
4	considered	consider	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	root	root
5	within	within	ADP	_	6 himself	case
6	himself	himself	PRON	Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes	4 considered	obl
7	by	by	SCONJ	_	9 means	mark
8	what	what	PRON	PronType=Int	9 means	nsubj
9	means	mean	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	4 considered	advcl
10	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	12 cross	nsubj
11	might	might	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	12 cross	aux
12	cross	cross	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	9 means	ccomp
13	the	the	DET	Definite=Def PronType=Art	14 bridge	det
14	bridge	bridge	NOUN	Number=Sing	12 cross	obj
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 perplexity	punct
16	and	and	CCONJ	_	20 perplexity	cc
17	was	be	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	20 perplexity	cop
18	in	in	ADP	_	20 perplexity	case
19	great	great	ADJ	Degree=Pos	20 perplexity	amod
20	perplexity	perplexity	NOUN	Number=Sing	4 considered	obl
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	20 perplexity	punct
22	"	"	PUNCT	_	20 perplexity	punct
23	for	for	ADP	_	20 perplexity	case
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	4 considered	punct
25	"	"	PUNCT	_	4 considered	punct
26	said	say	VERB	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin	4 considered	parataxis
27	he	he	PRON	Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs	26 said	nsubj
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	33 see	punct
29	"	"	PUNCT	_	33 see	punct
30	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	33 see	nsubj
31	do	do	AUX	Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=1 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin	33 see	aux
32	not	not	PART	Polarity=Neg	33 see	advmod
33	see	see	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	26 said	conj
34	how	how	ADV	PronType=Int	37 win	advmod
35	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	37 win	nsubj
36	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	37 win	aux
37	win	win	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 see	advcl
38	forward	forward	ADV	_	37 win	advmod
39	,	,	PUNCT	_	43 return	punct
40	nor	nor	CCONJ	Polarity=Neg	43 return	cc
41	may	may	AUX	VerbForm=Fin	43 return	aux
42	I	I	PRON	Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs	43 return	nsubj
43	return	return	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	33 see	parataxis
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	47 fail	punct
45	and	and	CCONJ	_	47 fail	cc
46	so	so	ADV	_	47 fail	advmod
47	fail	fail	VERB	VerbForm=Inf	4 considered	conj
48	in	in	ADP	_	50 promise	case
49	my	my	PRON	Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs	50 promise	nmod:poss
50	promise	promise	NOUN	Number=Sing	47 fail	obl
51	to	to	ADP	_	52 Roland	case
52	Roland	Roland	PROPN	Number=Sing	50 promise	nmod
53	.	.	PUNCT	_	4 considered	punct

Pragmatics

#	verb	tense, mood	who	what, whom	where	other	roles by
1	consider	past	Meanwhile and Duke Richard			within Richard	vn consider-29.9-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent
2	mean	present				what nsubj	vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic
3	cross	might	drawbridge	the bridge			vn crane-40.3.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent bridge=Patient
4	is	past			great perplexity		tree rules
5	say speech: assert	past	drawbridge				vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent
6	not see in a quote	present · do-support	drawbridge				vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer
7	win in a quote	may	drawbridge			forward property	vn succeed-74-2 «NP V»: agent=Agent
8	return in a quote	may	drawbridge				vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme
9	fail in a quote	infinitive	Meanwhile and Duke Richard not said here		my promise to Roland		vn succeed-74-3-1-1 «NP V PP.eventuality S_ING»: agent=Agent in promise=Eventuality
10	promise in a quote		my			to Roland	nom promise «communication transitive»: poss=agent to=obl

One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.

This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/24/81/

🌲 Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 81

The tree

Pragmatics

Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, Of Richard of Normandy, sentence 81