Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won, sentence 1
When King Charles and his men had hidden themselves in a wood that was hard by, Duke Richard and his company came to the bridge, driving pack-horses before them, laden, as has been said, with false merchandise.
Who acts: wood · What happens: hide, be, come, drive, lade, say · To what, where: Charles, wood, bridge, pack horses · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wood), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | SCONJ | _ | 8 hidden | mark |
| 2 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 3 Charles | nmod:desc |
| 3 | Charles | Charles | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 hidden | nsubj:pass |
| 4 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 6 men | cc |
| 5 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 6 men | nmod:poss |
| 6 | men | man | NOUN | Number=Plur | 3 Charles | conj |
| 7 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 8 hidden | aux |
| 8 | hidden | hide | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 came | advcl |
| 9 | themselves | themselves | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs Reflex=Yes | 8 hidden | obj |
| 10 | in | in | ADP | _ | 12 wood | case |
| 11 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 12 wood | det |
| 12 | wood | wood | NOUN | Number=Sing | 8 hidden | obl |
| 13 | that | that | PRON | PronType=Rel | 15 hard | nsubj |
| 14 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 15 hard | cop |
| 15 | hard | hard | ADV | Degree=Pos | 12 wood | acl:relcl |
| 16 | by | by | ADP | _ | 19 Richard | case |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 16 by | punct |
| 18 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 19 Richard | compound |
| 19 | Richard | Richard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 23 came | obl |
| 20 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 22 company | cc |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 company | nmod:poss |
| 22 | company | company | NOUN | Number=Sing | 19 Richard | conj |
| 23 | came | come | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | root | root |
| 24 | to | to | ADP | _ | 26 bridge | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 26 bridge | det |
| 26 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 came | obl |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 28 driving | punct |
| 28 | driving | drive | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 23 came | advcl |
| 29 | pack | pack | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 horses | compound |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | 29 pack | punct |
| 31 | horses | horse | NOUN | Number=Plur | 28 driving | obj |
| 32 | before | before | ADP | _ | 33 them | case |
| 33 | them | they | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Plur Person=3 PronType=Prs | 28 driving | obl |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 35 laden | punct |
| 35 | laden | lade | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 23 came | parataxis |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 40 said | punct |
| 37 | as | as | SCONJ | _ | 40 said | mark |
| 38 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 40 said | aux |
| 39 | been | be | AUX | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part | 40 said | aux:pass |
| 40 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 35 laden | conj |
| 41 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 44 merchandise | punct |
| 42 | with | with | ADP | _ | 44 merchandise | case |
| 43 | false | false | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 44 merchandise | amod |
| 44 | merchandise | merchandise | NOUN | Number=Sing | 40 said | ccomp |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 23 came | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | hide | past · perfect · passive | Charles King and King's men | a wood | tree rules | ||||
| 2 | is | past | a wood | hard property | tree rules | ||||
| 3 | come | past | the bridge | by Duke Richard and King's company | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial_location»: agent=Theme to bridge=Initial_Location | ||||
| 4 | drive | gerund | pack horses | before Charles | vn put_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent horse=Theme before they=Destination | ||||
| 5 | lade | participle | tree rules | ||||||
| 6 | say speech: assert | present · perfect · passive | false merchandise ccomp | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S» |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
This page in Markdown → https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tales/pg75339/25/1/