Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won, sentence 16
And because there have passed over it certain knights who paid no toll, and also a messenger who won his way in wonderful fashion across the river, and slew also my own kinsman King Clarion, my master has straitly charged me that I should not by any means suffer any man to pass the bridge unless he be known to me."
Who acts: certain knights, messenger, any · What happens: pass, pay, win, slay, charge, mean · To what, where: messenger, toll, way, wonderful fashion, own kinsman, master · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (certain knights, messenger, any), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | And | and | CCONJ | _ | 5 passed | cc |
| 2 | because | because | SCONJ | _ | 5 passed | mark |
| 3 | there | there | PRON | PronType=Dem | 5 passed | expl |
| 4 | have | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 5 passed | aux |
| 5 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 6 | over | over | ADP | _ | 9 knights | case |
| 7 | it | it | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Neut Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 9 knights | nsubj |
| 8 | certain | certain | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 9 knights | amod |
| 9 | knights | knight | NOUN | Number=Plur | 5 passed | obl |
| 10 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 11 paid | nsubj |
| 11 | paid | pay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Plur Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 9 knights | acl:relcl |
| 12 | no | no | DET | PronType=Neg | 13 toll | det |
| 13 | toll | toll | NOUN | Number=Sing | 11 paid | obj |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 18 messenger | punct |
| 15 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 18 messenger | cc |
| 16 | also | also | ADV | _ | 18 messenger | advmod |
| 17 | a | a | DET | Definite=Ind PronType=Art | 18 messenger | det |
| 18 | messenger | messenger | NOUN | Number=Sing | 5 passed | obl |
| 19 | who | who | PRON | PronType=Rel | 20 won | nsubj |
| 20 | won | win | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 18 messenger | acl:relcl |
| 21 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 22 way | nmod:poss |
| 22 | way | way | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 won | obj |
| 23 | in | in | ADP | _ | 25 fashion | case |
| 24 | wonderful | wonderful | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 25 fashion | amod |
| 25 | fashion | fashion | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 won | obl |
| 26 | across | across | ADP | _ | 28 river | case |
| 27 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 28 river | det |
| 28 | river | river | NOUN | Number=Sing | 20 won | obl |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 31 slew | punct |
| 30 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 31 slew | cc |
| 31 | slew | slay | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 5 passed | conj |
| 32 | also | also | ADV | _ | 31 slew | advmod |
| 33 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 35 kinsman | nmod:poss |
| 34 | own | own | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 35 kinsman | amod |
| 35 | kinsman | kinsman | NOUN | Number=Sing | 31 slew | obj |
| 36 | King | King | PROPN | Number=Sing | 35 kinsman | appos |
| 37 | Clarion | Clarion | PROPN | Number=Sing | 36 King | flat |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 43 charged | punct |
| 39 | my | my | PRON | Case=Gen Number=Sing Person=1 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 40 master | nmod:poss |
| 40 | master | master | NOUN | Number=Sing | 43 charged | nsubj:pass |
| 41 | has | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 charged | aux |
| 42 | straitly | straitly | ADV | _ | 43 charged | advmod |
| 43 | charged | charge | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 31 slew | parataxis |
| 44 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 43 charged | iobj |
| 45 | that | that | SCONJ | _ | 47 should | mark |
| 46 | I | I | PRON | Case=Nom Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 47 should | nsubj |
| 47 | should | should | AUX | VerbForm=Fin | 43 charged | advcl |
| 48 | not | not | PART | Polarity=Neg | 47 should | advmod |
| 49 | by | by | SCONJ | _ | 51 means | mark |
| 50 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 51 means | nsubj |
| 51 | means | mean | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Pres VerbForm=Fin | 43 charged | advcl |
| 52 | suffer | suffer | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 51 means | ccomp |
| 53 | any | any | DET | PronType=Ind | 54 man | det |
| 54 | man | man | NOUN | Number=Sing | 52 suffer | obj |
| 55 | to | to | PART | _ | 56 pass | mark |
| 56 | pass | pass | VERB | VerbForm=Inf | 52 suffer | advcl |
| 57 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 58 bridge | det |
| 58 | bridge | bridge | NOUN | Number=Sing | 56 pass | obj |
| 59 | unless | unless | SCONJ | _ | 62 known | mark |
| 60 | he | he | PRON | Case=Nom Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 62 known | nsubj:pass |
| 61 | be | be | AUX | VerbForm=Inf | 62 known | aux:pass |
| 62 | known | know | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 56 pass | advcl |
| 63 | to | to | ADP | _ | 64 me | case |
| 64 | me | I | PRON | Case=Acc Number=Sing Person=1 PronType=Prs | 62 known | obl |
| 65 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 5 passed | punct |
| 66 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | 5 passed | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | pass | present · perfect | a messenger | there | over certain knights way | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V PP»: agent=Theme over knight=Location | |||
| 2 | pay | past | certain knights way | no toll | vn pay-68-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent toll=Asset | ||||
| 3 | win | past | a messenger | Gallafer's way | wonderful fashion | across the river | vn succeed-74-2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent way=Eventuality | ||
| 4 | slay | past | my own kinsman | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent kinsman=Patient | |||||
| 5 | charge | present · perfect · passive | my master | me | straitly property | vn bill-54.5-1 «NP V NP NP.asset»: subject=Recipient i=Asset | |||
| 6 | mean | present | any | vn intend-61.2-1 «NP V S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | |||||
| 7 | suffer | infinitive | any man | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer man=Stimulus | |||||
| 8 | pass | to-infinitive | the bridge | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V NP»: agent=Theme bridge=Trajectory | |||||
| 9 | know a condition, not said to happen | infinitive · passive | Gallafer | me | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V NP PP.attribute»: subject=Stimulus |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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