Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won, sentence 17
When Gallafer had said so much, Duke Richard bowed his head to him right courteously, and having so done, passed through the first gate, three others, of whom Duke Reyner was one, following him.
Who acts: Duke · What happens: say, bow, have, pass, be, follow · To what, where: Gallafer, head, first gate, one · Speech: someone speaks here
This is a sentence of «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, How the Bridge Mantryble Was Won. The page gives its syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Duke), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it from the tree.
Mova's own parse. This tree may be wrong.
The tree
The words, one row each (CoNLL-U)
| # | word | lemma | UPOS | features | head | relation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | When | when | ADV | PronType=Int | 4 said | advmod |
| 2 | Gallafer | Gallafer | PROPN | Number=Sing | 4 said | nsubj:pass |
| 3 | had | have | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | aux |
| 4 | said | say | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | root | root |
| 5 | so | so | ADV | _ | 6 much | advmod |
| 6 | much | much | ADV | _ | 4 said | advmod |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 10 bowed | punct |
| 8 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 10 bowed | nsubj |
| 9 | Richard | Richard | PROPN | Number=Sing | 8 Duke | flat |
| 10 | bowed | bow | VERB | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 4 said | conj |
| 11 | his | his | PRON | Case=Gen Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 Poss=Yes PronType=Prs | 12 head | nmod:poss |
| 12 | head | head | NOUN | Number=Sing | 10 bowed | obj |
| 13 | to | to | ADP | _ | 14 him | case |
| 14 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 10 bowed | obl |
| 15 | right | right | ADV | _ | 16 courteously | advmod |
| 16 | courteously | courteously | ADV | _ | 10 bowed | advmod |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 19 having | punct |
| 18 | and | and | CCONJ | _ | 19 having | cc |
| 19 | having | have | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 10 bowed | conj |
| 20 | so | so | ADV | _ | 21 done | advmod |
| 21 | done | done | ADJ | Degree=Pos | 19 having | xcomp |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 23 passed | punct |
| 23 | passed | pass | VERB | Tense=Past VerbForm=Part Voice=Pass | 19 having | advcl |
| 24 | through | through | ADP | _ | 27 gate | case |
| 25 | the | the | DET | Definite=Def PronType=Art | 27 gate | det |
| 26 | first | first | ADJ | Degree=Pos NumForm=Word NumType=Ord | 27 gate | amod |
| 27 | gate | gate | NOUN | Number=Sing | 23 passed | obl |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 30 others | punct |
| 29 | three | three | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 30 others | nummod |
| 30 | others | other | NOUN | Number=Plur | 27 gate | conj |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 33 whom | punct |
| 32 | of | of | ADP | _ | 33 whom | case |
| 33 | whom | whom | PRON | PronType=Rel | 23 passed | obl |
| 34 | Duke | Duke | PROPN | Number=Sing | 37 one | nsubj |
| 35 | Reyner | Reyner | PROPN | Number=Sing | 34 Duke | flat |
| 36 | was | be | AUX | Mood=Ind Number=Sing Person=3 Tense=Past VerbForm=Fin | 37 one | cop |
| 37 | one | one | NUM | NumForm=Word NumType=Card | 33 whom | parataxis |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | 39 following | punct |
| 39 | following | follow | VERB | Tense=Pres VerbForm=Part | 19 having | parataxis |
| 40 | him | he | PRON | Case=Acc Gender=Masc Number=Sing Person=3 PronType=Prs | 39 following | obj |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | 4 said | punct |
Pragmatics
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | say speech: assert | past · perfect · passive | Gallafer | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V NP.topic»: subject=Topic | |||||
| 2 | bow | past | Duke | Gallafer's head | Gallafer | courteously property | vn curtsey-40.3.3 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent head=Topic to he=Recipient | ||
| 3 | have | gerund | Duke not said here | done property | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | ||||
| 4 | pass | participle | Duke not said here | the first gate and three others | whom obl | vn escape-51.1-1-3 «NP V PP.initial_location PP.destination»: agent=Theme through gate=Initial_Location of whom=Destination | |||
| 5 | is a | past | Duke | one | tree rules | ||||
| 6 | follow | gerund | Gallafer | vn chase-51.6 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Theme |
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.
Text: «Stories of Charlemagne and the twelve Peers of France» by Alfred John Church, Project Gutenberg book 75339 (public domain in the USA). Tree: Mova's own parse, Elamur Cosmic License. Frames: Mova's frames reader (prag), the chapter read in order.
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